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In 1950s, as an important measure to improve the corrosion resistance of base metal, internal coating pipes was first applied to sour crude oil and natural gas pipelines [1]. Among the coating systems, FBE coating has good impact resistance, bending resistance, high bonding strength, good resistance for acid, alkali, salt, oil and water fluid. The coating can reduce the internal surface roughness friction resistance of piping & pipeline to reduce project investment.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) internal coating pipe is a kind of internal coating technology for piping and pipeline, which has a good corrosion resistance, and had become one of the important measures of corrosion control for pipes in oil & gas fields. A high temperature resistant FBE with primer internal coating system of pipe was chosen as the experimental object, and conducted long period (30 days) immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests of the FBE coatings under various temperatures with high content of CO2-H2S-Cl-, combined morphology observation & adhesion performance test to study the corrosion resistance and corrosion mechanism of the FBE with primer internal coating system under various high temperatures.
Injection of hydrocarbon gas is a common practice to enhance production rates from multiphase wells in the Oil and Gas industry. The gas used is normally dehydrated by a combination of compression and chemical treatments to reach a given dew point specification. The dry non-corrosive gas is injected to the production annulus and enters the production bore via a gas lift valve (GLV) located on the production tubing above the production packer.
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At present, there were ten common crossing modes in long-distance oil and gas pipelines[1,2]. There were six ways of tunneling, such as large excavation, horizontal directional drilling, shield tunnel, drilling and blasting tunnel, ramming pipe and pipe jacking. There were four ways of spanning methods, such as truss crossing, arch bridge crossing, suspension cable crossing and cable-stayed bridge crossing. Crossing by shield tunneling, as a pipeline laying method with high mechanization and automation, extensive applicable strata and high safety, has been widely used in recent years.
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies to achieve the net-zero emission. One of the CCUS method is CO2 injection to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers and storage (CCS). The CO2 emitted from fossil fuel-based powers and industrial plants are captured and transported to the injection point by ships or pipe line. Following that, the dense phase or supercritical phase CO2 will be injected to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers through oil country tubular goods, for examples, seamless pipe.