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NACE TM0177 Method B is a standard method for evaluating stress-corrosion cracking resistance. Here, Digital Image Correlation determined strain distributions over the surface of bend samples made from corrosion-resistant alloys.
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The industry has been developing in-situ techniques to measure pipe properties in lieu of destructive approaches. This paper will review the techniques available to meet regulation changes announced in 2016 and propose procedural applications to improve repeatability and reliability.
A case study of a fiberglass reinforced plastic scrubber which was evaluated with a novel ultrasonic technique followed by a destructive evaluation for retained mechanical properties and corrosion barrier condition. When compared, the results showed good correlation.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a major concern in process industries, particularly in the Oil and Gas sector. It is estimated that 25-30% of corrosion related failures in pipelines and industrial equipment can be attributed to MIC. The cost of metallic corrosion has been estimated to range between 2-3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries and MIC certainly accounts for a significant fraction of the total cost of corrosion amounting to billions of dollars due to unexpected shutdowns, equipment replacement, mitigation strategies, etc.
More and more High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) sour wells are operated worldwide. Challenging material selection is required for such severe operating conditions.1,2 Very high strength materials, presenting yield strength above 896 MPa (130 ksi), are required for sustaining the pressure. Consequently, even a low amount of H2S in the gas phase may lead to a H2S partial pressure beyond the limit of 3.5 mbar (0.05 psi) established in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard.3 Indeed, both high yield strengths and partial pressures of H2S contribute to a situation where the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) is high. The present paper is focusing on the SSC resistance of 130 ksi minimum yield strength material developed for covering such HPHT applications.
Viscous Elastic Coatings easily overcome many of the common issues that cause traditional coating to fail. Viscous elastic coatings offer immediate adhesion without the need for primer, require minimal surface preparation and form a homologue, continuous, self-healing protective layer.
Current and impending environmental regulations are leading to the development and use of new technologies in a variety of marine and protective coatings applications. Among the various challenges presented to the coatings industry, the desire to decrease the level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in traditional solventborne coatings ranks among the most prevalent.
The Federal Highway Administration has a top-level technology goal targeted toward the development and deployment of the “Bridge of the Future.” This is a conceptual short span bridge that demonstrates significant improvements over the current state of the practice – particularly with regard to ease and speed of construction and long-term durability.
Erosion-corrosion plays an important role in determining the durability of the erosive/corrosive slurry handling equipment. The combined action of erosion and corrosion produces a high degradation rate. Material loss rate due to erosion-corrosion is usually significantly higher than the sum of material loss rate due to pure erosion and pure corrosion acting separately. The degradation in erosion-corrosion is primarily by matrix extrusion due to abrasive particle impact.
Oil and gas wells represent a large capital investment. It is imperative that corrosion of well casings be controlled to prevent loss of oil and gas, environmental damage, and personnel hazards, and in order to ensure economical depletion of oil and gas reserve. Wells placed in external corrosive environment shall be protected by appropriate barriers such as additional cemented casing, cathodic protection and coating to assure well casing integrity.
The polarity of the zinc-steel galvanic couple in hot aqueous solutions was published more than 20 years ago. It used an inorganic zinc primer coating that was applied under thermal insulation at elevated temperatures [30C-60C (86F-140F)]. Since the year 2000, industrial practices or standards do not recommend using inorganic zinc rich coatings under thermal insulation. Research has showed over the years that good practice of corrosion prevention under insulation is to apply an additional layer of a heat resistant modified epoxy or inorganic polymer coating as an additional barrier.
Oil and gas operations worldwide are impacted by the presence of microorganisms. A variety of microorganisms can be found in the oilfield, dependent on the type of operation, geology, location, water source and water treatment utilized. Biocides are used in all stages of oil and gas development to control microorganisms and their detrimental impacts on production such as corrosion, biofouling, and souring. A wide number of biocides are used to control microorganisms, ranging from oxidizing biocides that react quickly but leave no residual activity, to preservatives which act slowly, but provide antimicrobial activity for weeks or months at a time. The spectrum of biocides used in oil and gas are covered by several excellent reviews and will not be detailed in this paper.