AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Using Failure Analysis to Optimize Corrosion Mitigation Costs

Product Number: 51321-16208-SG

Author: Richard B. Eckert/Christopher Kagarise/Susmitha Purnima Kotu/ Kathy Buckingham/Torben Lund Skovhus

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Using Flexible Steel Pipe to Rehabilitate Aging Pipelines

Product Number: 51323-19013-SG

Author: David Gregory, Shawn Poworoznik

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper highlights a successful rehabilitation of a regulated steel line with flexible steel pipe. The pipeline resides under jurisdiction and was approved by both state and federal pipeline safety administrations. Upon completion, the rehabilitated system restored transmission while also reducing overall operating risk. Use of the flexible steel pipe allowed the operator to utilize a dual-containment design while also implementing real-time continuous annulus monitoring on multiple interfaces, effectively reducing risk to environment and local residents.

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Using Forensic Science to Determine Causes of Failures of Polymeric Coatings

Product Number: 41215-875-SG

Author: Jon Asselanis

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Often when a polymeric flooring system fails, the cause of the problem is unknown. Forensic testing is used to determine the cause of failure while eliminating other potential causes. A basic understanding of the approach to a forensic investigation and the types of testing used will help aid in correcting the problem so future failures and project costs are reduced.

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Using Galvanic Modeling and Aerosol Spray Testing to Understand How Changes in Salt Loading Can Impact Atmospheric Corrosion

Product Number: 51323-18961-SG

Author: Thomas Curtin, Robert Adey, Andres Peratta, Ryan Butchers, Fritz Friedersdorf, Liam Agnew

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion is not just a sustainment concern that impacts the availability and safety of critical structural assets; it is also a damage mechanism that should be considered during the initial design phase. By considering the corrosion process and associated preventive strategies during the design phase it is possible to reduce total ownership cost and improve equipment readiness. The Department of Defense spends more than $23 billion each year to control corrosion on aircraft and other equipment in its operations around the world.

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Using Guided Waves Testing (GWT) for the Integrity Inspection of Pipelines

Product Number: 51324-20599-SG

Author: Osvaldo Mejia; Ayoub Al Mahrami

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Since its commercial launching, guided wave testing (GWT), a.k.a. long-range ultrasonic testing (LRUT), has been largely applied in the oil and gas industry for the inspection of pipelines, due to its faculty for screening large lengths of pipeline from a single point of contact. This capability has made the GWT one of the “other technologies” most employed in the integrity inspection of pipelines; however, regardless of its broad usage, industry standards guiding the integrity management of pipelines do not provide a clear framework for the use of GWT, neither do they agree on the role that it plays in the integrity assessment process. For example, some standards classify the GWT as a standalone corrosion integrity assessment method, while others reference it as an inspection technique, and others allocate it as a corrosion monitoring technique. This paper makes a comprehensive review of the involvement of the GWT in the pipeline’s integrity management process and intends to provide a clear framework for the use of guided wave testing (GWT) as an integrity inspection method for pipelines.

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Using Lead Abatement Contractors for Surface Preparation on Commercial Properties - The Consequences of Sacrificing Quality for Safety

Product Number: 51216-012-SG

Author: Raymond S. Tombaugh

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

The Federal EPA requires that commercial/residential painting contractors be certified to prepare surfaces containing lead based paint on residential and public structures. As a result, when respirators equipped with HEPA filtration are required to be worn to reduce worker exposure levels to below the permissible exposure limit for lead, the surface preparation work is often subcontracted to a licensed lead abate contractor who holds these types of certifications.

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Using Long-Term Performance Data for Design of Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems

Product Number: 51323-19093-SG

Author: David Whitmore, David Simpson, George Sergi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Galvanic anodes have been used to provide various levels of corrosion protection to reinforced concrete structures for many years.

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Using Machine Learning to Assess Internal Corrosion Constituent Thresholds

Product Number: 51324-20677-SG

Author: Nicole Moore; Christopher Taylor; Christopher Kagarise; John Cotti

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Natural gas pipeline operators often rely on gas and liquid sample analysis as well as bacteria serial dilution to determine if corrosive conditions exist within the pipeline. When corrosive conditions are suspected, additional monitoring methods such as corrosion coupons or probes are employed. One of the challenges faced by operators is determining what constitutes “corrosive conditions” because existing regulations do not define gas or liquid compositions that are corrosive. In this study, over a decade’s worth of sampling and corrosion monitoring data collected by a natural gas pipeline operator are assessed using machine learning in order to determine the parameters with the greatest influence on corrosion rate. This work combines over 2,300 gas tests, liquid samples, solid samples, and bacteria tests in an attempt to determine if the thresholds the company is using are reflective of where corrosion is actually occurring based on over 1,700 coupon analysis results within an operator’s unique system. The results from this study can be used to guide future sampling practices so that effort is spent collecting the most meaningful data and improving the ability to identify corrosive conditions.

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Using Peak Density in the Evaluation of the Surface Preparation of Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel

Product Number: 51219-182-SG

Author: Yanick Croteau

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Duplex Coating systems refers to the application of a protective coating system (liquid or powder) over hot-dipped galvanized steel. These systems are often specified and are considered very robust in a wide variety of corrosive environments.

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Using Portable Material Property Devices for Pipe Grade Determination

Product Number: 51317--9267-SG

ISBN: 9267 2017 CP

Author: Steve Biagiotti

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The industry has been developing in-situ techniques to measure pipe properties in lieu of destructive approaches. This paper will review the techniques available to meet regulation changes announced in 2016 and propose procedural applications to improve repeatability and reliability.

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Using Robotic Inspection for Flare System to Avoid Plant Shutdown

Product Number: MPWT19-14300

Author: Amro Hassanein

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

From day to day, Robots advance from testing in labs to operating in the outside world. The
industrial application of Robotic technologies continually increases, providing unique solutions for
different challenges. Flare System is an important and critical equipment required for continuous
safe operations for any petrochemical plant addressing proper burning of excess hydrocarbon
gases, unusable gases which cannot be recovered or recycled, and gas flaring protects against
the dangers of over-pressure. This paper discusses the different types of robotic inspection,
advantages, and limitations based on actual site demonstrations. As an innovative case, here to
introduce actual business case for close aerial inspection and surveying technique to avoid
polyethylene plant shutdown and providing a reliable inspection technique for on-stream integrity
evaluation for the flare tip. Drones, formally known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are a
flying robot that can be remotely controlled, and offer an innovative inspection method launched
between 2006-2008 for Engineering professional aerial inspection and surveying using Remotely
Operated Aerial Vehicles (ROAVs). The visual inspection detection accuracy of (ROAV) offer
higher than the normal visual inspection and easily approach all the flare structure from four
directions. Drone inspection cost is competitive considering the cost of maintenance to dismantle
the flare tip. Drone inspection can be used to assess the elevated flare parts for any seriously
damage in order to define a clear maintenance scope ahead of shutdown.

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Using Simulation to Understand the Difference Between Corrosion in Atmospheric Environments and Chamber Tests

Product Number: 51319-13242-SG

Author: Alan Rose

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion in the field manifests over a large timescale so when considering material choices in the design of aerospace systems and subsystems use is often made of accelerated tests such as ASTM B117 salt spray chamber test to rank the possible materials. Even these ‘accelerated’ tests take more than 1000 hours and despite their widespread use are often criticized as a design trade tool since the test environments are considerably different to the expected field environment running the risk of either hiding true corrosion processes or simply being unrealistically challenging for the materials under test.The corrosion community has expended substantial effort in trying to make the tests ‘more realistic’ but in doing so there is considerable debate about whether the tools employed to accelerate the corrosion (thermal cycling high salt concentrations UV exposure etc) actually introduce other corrosion processes that are not even present in the eventual targeted field of operation for the device under test.Computational techniques hold a great deal of promise as a way to understand the effects of different service environments but if the simulations cannot even discern between say an ASTM B117 test and an atmospheric exposure then the simulation results would be of questionable value.The processes involved in corrosion are many and complex however one key parameter is the electrolyte film thickness which will clearly be different whether inside a chamber at high humidity with a continuous supply of sprayed saltwater compared to exposure on a beach where diurnal cycles result in a very thin electrolyte of varying salt concentrations except of course when it is raining!To help designers quickly assess corrosion risk and choose appropriate materials Corrdesa have already developed an electrochemical database of modern alloys and coatings. This has been extended by deconvoluting the polarization data to accurately account for the impact of the actual electrolyte thickness on the oxygen reduction reaction.In this paper using fluid shell elements in a free surface flow formulation we actually predict the variable electrolyte film thickness in a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code for a given environmental condition on different test specimens and geometries. The appropriate polarization data for the local electrolyte thickness is then implemented with User Functions in a potential model framework. In this way the galvanic corrosion is simulated for a test device with a more realistic and variable film thickness.The result is that we can dial different test conditions into the simulation such as whether we wish to simulate chamber results or field results cyclic salt fog cyclic humidity (or both).Keywords: Computational Corrosion Analysis Galvanic corrosion prediction FEA corrosion prediction polarization data potential model fluid shell elements CFD

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Individual Conference Papers

Using Failure Analysis to Optimize Corrosion Mitigation Costs

Using Flexible Steel Pipe to Rehabilitate Aging Pipelines

Using Forensic Science to Determine Causes of Failures of Polymeric Coatings

Using Galvanic Modeling and Aerosol Spray Testing to Understand How Changes in Salt Loading Can Impact Atmospheric Corrosion

Using Guided Waves Testing (GWT) for the Integrity Inspection of Pipelines

Using Lead Abatement Contractors for Surface Preparation on Commercial Properties - The Consequences of Sacrificing Quality for Safety

Using Long-Term Performance Data for Design of Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems

Using Machine Learning to Assess Internal Corrosion Constituent Thresholds

Using Peak Density in the Evaluation of the Surface Preparation of Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel

Using Portable Material Property Devices for Pipe Grade Determination

Using Robotic Inspection for Flare System to Avoid Plant Shutdown

Using Simulation to Understand the Difference Between Corrosion in Atmospheric Environments and Chamber Tests

Association for Materials Protection and Performance