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Life Extension of Offshore Field in the Santa Barbara Channel 1: Simultaneous ICCP Retrofit of Three Jacket Platforms

Product Number: 51323-18978-SG

Author: Sami Abu-Zahra, Omar Rosas-Camacho, Mathew L. Taylor

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Three platforms in the Santa Ynez Unit (SYU) field in the Santa Barbara Channel, platforms Heritage (HE), Harmony (HA), and Hondo (HO), were installed between 1979 and 1989, approximately 19 km (12 miles) west of Goleta, California in water depths between 259 m (850 ft) to 365 m (1200 ft). These platforms were previously retrofitted with ICCP sleds which were in decline, requiring additional Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) anode output. Therefore, they were all retrofitted with additional ICCP systems in a single campaign to provide a 25-year life extension.

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Life Extension of Offshore Field in The Santa Barbara Channel 2: Multi-Objective Optimization of Retrofit ICCP Anode Sled Placement Using Calibrated 3D Simulations

Product Number: 51323-19382-SG

Author: Matthew L. Taylor, Omar Rosas Camacho, Sami Abu-Zahra

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The life of offshore jacket structures can be extended up to 30 years towards the end of their design life by retrofits. For larger structures, and in unusual cases, semi-remote ICCP anode sleds are a favorable option compared to sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) due to the high current output from each individual installation, reducing the time to install substantially. Anode sled locations are determined based on site plans, experience, survey data, and equations evaluating “remoteness” or “voltage rise” criteria.

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Life Extension of Offshore Field in the Santa Barbara Channel 3: Subsea CP Retrofit of 7 Pipelines with Small ROV Vessel Enabled by Hot Stab Anode String Assemblies

Product Number: 51323-19414-SG

Author: Omar Rosas-Camacho, Sami Abu-Zahra, Mathew L. Taylor

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Santa Ynez Unit (SYU) consists of three offshore platforms and an onshore oil and natural gas processing facility in Goleta, California. The platforms are located between five to nine miles offshore in federal waters. The construction of SYU began in 1976 in the Santa Barbara County in California with the platform Hondo (HO) which, started operations in 1981 to supply the domestic California market.

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Life-Cycle Cost Evaluation Of Corrosion Mitigation Strategies In Mining Industry

Product Number: 51322-18146-SG

Author: M. Naghizadeh, Y. Savguira, M. Fatakdawala

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

An economic evaluation of a project plays a significant role in determining its feasibility. Corrosion is intrinsic to the operation of metallic assets, and the costs dedicated to its prevention and/or its consequences are unavoidable. Different corrosion strategies could be developed to address the project's needs while complying with relevant codes and standards. These various corrosion control strategies are characterized by inherently different capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX). Careful analysis of the cost projections for each of the considered corrosion mitigation strategies is needed for project optimization and improvement of return on investment.

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Lightweight Sol-Gel Coating to Mitigate Galvanic Corrosion

Product Number: 51323-18758-SG

Author: Adam Goff, Charles Sprinkle, Ben Pinkston, Fernando Farelas, Ariel Farelas

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Aircraft reliability and maintainability are critical to their availability and operation. One of the biggest threats to aircraft availability is corrosion of aircraft systems. The annual cost of corrosion for Air Force aviation and missiles is estimated to be $5.67B dollars, or 23.6% of total maintenance costs for this equipment, and 2.1 million non-available hours. It is estimated that for defense acquisition programs 60 – 80% of the total life cycle cost is associated with the operation and support (O&S) phase.

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Lightweight Tomographic Monitoring of Pipe Wall Thickness

Product Number: MECC23-19896-SG

Author: Audun O. Pedersen; Francesco Simonetti; Geir Instanes; Peter B. Nagy

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

While corrosion and erosion in subsea pipes remains a significant concern, instrumentation has been developed to provide detailed mapping of wall thickness loss. In the mid-2000s the Corrosion-Erosion Monitor was introduced, which utilizes guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) to monitor mean wall thickness loss between non-intrusive ultrasound transducers installed permanently on pipe sections with typical length 0.7 m–1 m [1, 2, 3, 4]. The tomography software package was developed in the 2010s [5, 6, 7, 8] to produce two-dimensional wall thickness maps from the GUW monitoring data.

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Limitations of the Old Generation Water and Steam Cycle Chemistry Treatment: Highlighting Corrosion Issues and Proposing Advanced Treatment Options

Product Number: MECC23-20108-SG

Author: IL Yoo; Omar EL Sinnary; Ashwaq Al Jasmi; Seonyeob Li; Salaheldin Ahmed Mohamed; Meshaal Al Hammadi; Saif Al Kaabi; Pravin Kumar Mishra

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Boilers are critical components in gas plants, providing steam for a wide range of process and utility applications. However, with aging, boilers become more prone to integrity challenges, impacting process production, boiler performance, and safety. This case study examines on an operational gas plant in operation since 1977, shedding light on the complexities of managing integrity issues in aging boilers.

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Line Pipe DC-ERW Long Seam Weld Anomaly Investigation

Product Number: 51324-21182-SG

Author: Luke Jain; Lee Vest; Rick Gonzales; Alex Hudgins; Ransom Stamps

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Linear anomalies were discovered during construction activities near to the DC-ERW long seam weld of a 20-inch natural gas pipeline. Magnetic particle testing and phased array ultrasonic testing were applied to characterize the anomalies. Pipe samples were removed from the pipe for additional destructive laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis included visual assessment, X-ray computed tomography, cryo-fracture, cross-sectioning, metallographic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Inspection and testing results indicated that the anomalies were consistent with roller contact marks introduced during pipe manufacturing and did not show evidence of time-dependent growth. Representative anomalies were evaluated using a Failure Assessment Diagram to provide an additional level of assurance. All flaws were found to be acceptable in accordance with general application of API 579 Part 9, Level 2.

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Linear Anode for Pipeline Rehabilitation – Thirty Years Later

Product Number: MECC23-19993-SG

Author: Ted Huck

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

There is a long and successful history of using linear anodes to cathodically protect older generation pipelines with aging coatings. The use of linear anodes to address poor cathodic protection distribution has proven to be easier and more cost effective than large scale recoating projects. While the use of linear anodes is common in the United States, there are many similar vintage pipelines in Europe, the Middle East and Asia which struggle with the same challenges and for whom this technology should be of great interest.

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Lining Solutions for The Storage Of Biodiesel Or Renewable Feedstocks

Product Number: 51323-19459-SG

Author: Selwyn E Williams, Michael Harrison

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The most dangerous phrase in business, “We’ve always done it that way”, has never been more apt. It cannot be assumed that these linings, with proven track record in storage and processing fossil fuels, will provide the same level of asset protection in biofuels storage and biorefining processes. Likewise, the use of “generic” equivalents offers greater risks as the technology used does not define the performance.

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Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Study of a Zinc Rich Primer Applied Steel Vessel Plate and Galvanized Steel Plate at Elevated Temperature

Product Number: 51324-20622-SG

Author: Suresh Divi; Sri Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Zinc-rich primer-coated or galvanized ASME SA-516 Grade 70 carbon steel vessels are commonly used in the chemical industry and refineries. Similar to galvanizing, zinc-rich primer coatings are used to protect steel surfaces from corrosion. It is one of the more effective means of sealing critical equipment from moisture, protecting it from corrosion. However, during weld repairs and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) these vessels experience high temperatures (1000-1300oF) and could be susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement (LME). LME of carbon steel and stainless steels due to molten zinc exposure has been known for many years. LME manifests itself by a reduction of the ductility of the substrate metal due to contact with liquid metal which results in brittle failure of an otherwise ductile material. A plate from one of such vessels with zinc primer coating and another one with a galvanized coating (ASME SA-516 Garde 70) were exposed to high temperatures under applied mechanical stress to study the potential for LME. The laboratory study results showed LME of the galvanized steel plate but no LME on the vessel plate with zinc primer coating. It is believed that the presence of an iron oxide interface layer between the primer and the substate prevented LME.

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Liquid Metal Embrittlement in the Refining Industry – Case Histories and Common Prevention Practices

Product Number: 51323-18903-SG

Author: Cathleen Shargay, Shahab Soltaninia, Diana Basheva

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) phenomenon occurs when the certain molten metals wet the specific alloys, causing drastic ductility reduction that normally is associated with the formation of an intergranular crack that is sudden and brittle in nature. High tensile stress is also known to promote cracking; however, cracks may develop merely by contacting molten metal with a susceptible alloy as there is only a small amount of low-melting-point metal required to cause LME.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance