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99443 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL CORE INTERNAL WELD

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Product Number: 51300-99443-SG
ISBN: 99443 1999 CP
Author: H. M. Chung, J.-H. Park, W. E. Ruther, J. E. Sanecki, R.V. Strain, and N. J. Zaluzec
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Microstructural analyses by several advanced metallographic techniques were conducted on austenitic stainless steel mockup and core shroud welds that cracked in boiling water reactors. Contrary to previous beliefs, heat-affected zones of the cracked Type 304L as well as 304 SS core shroud welds and mockup shielded-metal-arc welds were free of grain-boundary carbides, which shows that core shroud failure cannot be explained by classical intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Neither martensite nor delta-ferrite films were present on grain boundaries. However, as a result of exposure to weld fumes, the heat-affected zones of the core shroud welds were significantly contaminated by oxygen and fluorine which migrate to grain boundaries. Significant oxygen contamination seems to promote fluorine contamination and suppress thermal sensitization. Results of slow-strain-rate tensile tests indicate also that fluorine exacerbate the susceptibility of irradiated steels to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. These observations, combined with previous reports on the strong influence of weld flux, indicate that oxygen and fluorine contamination and fluorine-catalyzed stress corrosion play a major role in cracking of core shroud welds. Key words: core shroud weld, intergranular stress corrosion cracking, weld flux, oxygen and fluorine contamination, grain-boundary Cr depletion
Microstructural analyses by several advanced metallographic techniques were conducted on austenitic stainless steel mockup and core shroud welds that cracked in boiling water reactors. Contrary to previous beliefs, heat-affected zones of the cracked Type 304L as well as 304 SS core shroud welds and mockup shielded-metal-arc welds were free of grain-boundary carbides, which shows that core shroud failure cannot be explained by classical intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Neither martensite nor delta-ferrite films were present on grain boundaries. However, as a result of exposure to weld fumes, the heat-affected zones of the core shroud welds were significantly contaminated by oxygen and fluorine which migrate to grain boundaries. Significant oxygen contamination seems to promote fluorine contamination and suppress thermal sensitization. Results of slow-strain-rate tensile tests indicate also that fluorine exacerbate the susceptibility of irradiated steels to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. These observations, combined with previous reports on the strong influence of weld flux, indicate that oxygen and fluorine contamination and fluorine-catalyzed stress corrosion play a major role in cracking of core shroud welds. Key words: core shroud weld, intergranular stress corrosion cracking, weld flux, oxygen and fluorine contamination, grain-boundary Cr depletion
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