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96650 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE OF CHLORINE TON CONTAINERS

Picture for 96650 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE OF CHLORINE
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Product Number: 51300-96650-SG
ISBN: 96650 1996 CP
Author: S. P. Andrew, J. R. Foulcis, R. A. Carnahan, T. K. Pmmll, R. D. Caligiuri
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Liquid chlorine is frequently transported to end users in ton containers. At present, structural integrity of these containers is ensured through periodic hydroexpansion testing (hydrotesting). While this identifies overall wall thinning of the vessels, it often will not detect the presence of cracks that may grow to critical size during service, causing the containers to fail , with dire consequences. In an attempt to reduce the liklihood of container failure, it has been suggested recently that containers be retired after 40 years of service, regardless of their condition. Recognizing the shortcomings of the hydrotest procedure, and the lack of a technical basis for the 40 year suggestion, a study was performed to evaluate the age-related material degradation of the containers, assess performance if cracks are present, and develop a preliminary flaw tolerance approach to ensuring the container integrity via in-service inspection. The inspection flaw tolerance approach also helps define criteria for container retirement. The Chime Region (head to shell forge weld location) was identified as the location from whcich flaws would likely grow, and the flaw tolerance approach hinges on the maximum flaw size that could be tolerated in the chime region. This study showed that the critical flaw size (size at failure) was independent of container age (no age-related degradation of material fracture toughness). Consequently, retiring a container solely because of age was not found to be technically justified. Furthermore, the maximum allowable crack size such that failure would not occur between inspection intervals was determined, and an in-service container inspection methodology to detect these cracks, using ultrsonic testing , was designed and evaluated.
Liquid chlorine is frequently transported to end users in ton containers. At present, structural integrity of these containers is ensured through periodic hydroexpansion testing (hydrotesting). While this identifies overall wall thinning of the vessels, it often will not detect the presence of cracks that may grow to critical size during service, causing the containers to fail , with dire consequences. In an attempt to reduce the liklihood of container failure, it has been suggested recently that containers be retired after 40 years of service, regardless of their condition. Recognizing the shortcomings of the hydrotest procedure, and the lack of a technical basis for the 40 year suggestion, a study was performed to evaluate the age-related material degradation of the containers, assess performance if cracks are present, and develop a preliminary flaw tolerance approach to ensuring the container integrity via in-service inspection. The inspection flaw tolerance approach also helps define criteria for container retirement. The Chime Region (head to shell forge weld location) was identified as the location from whcich flaws would likely grow, and the flaw tolerance approach hinges on the maximum flaw size that could be tolerated in the chime region. This study showed that the critical flaw size (size at failure) was independent of container age (no age-related degradation of material fracture toughness). Consequently, retiring a container solely because of age was not found to be technically justified. Furthermore, the maximum allowable crack size such that failure would not occur between inspection intervals was determined, and an in-service container inspection methodology to detect these cracks, using ultrsonic testing , was designed and evaluated.
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