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Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) is required to protect the pipes in higher temperatures. This paper reports evaluation methods for these high Tg FBE, and the performance differences between the high Tg FBE and general FBE.
For the past few decades, FBE has been widely applied on pipes for transporting gas, oil and water. Due to the depletion of crude oil supplies, crude oil from greater depth and more inadequate areas has to be extracted, which means higher temperature of the crude oil, therefore new FBE is required to protect the pipes in high temperatures. Normally, FBE has Tg below 110 oC, in temperatures higher than the Tg, the mechanical properties of FBE such as its toughness, flexibility and adhesiveness are reduced. Due to these factors, general FBE may not effectively protect pipes in temperatures over 110 oC. This paper reports evaluation methods for these high Tg FBE, and the performance differences between the high Tg FBE and general FBE. Key words: Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE), Pipe coating, High Temperature, High Tg, Glass Transition
Three layer polypropylene (3LPP) pipeline coatings failed prematurely in the oilfields of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A failure investigation and analysis into this phenomenon was instigated. The coating disbondment has been found to be due to high residual stress concentration and adhesion loss.
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In this paper, failure analysis methodology will be applied to the principal mechanisms by which FBE coatings fail during long term service; with specific application to case studies involving blistering. The case studies apply standard failure analysis techniques to determine the primary causes and modes of failures.
This paper begins with a brief discussion of essential properties of all pipeline coatings, and a listing of multi-layer systems designed to meet specific needs. It then focuses on special considerations regarding application parameters for multi-layer systems that use fusionbonded epoxy as the primer.