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08454 Stress Relaxation Cracking Of Welded Joints In Thick Sections Of Type-347 Stabilized Grade Of Stainless Steel

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This paper discusses reactors in hydrocarbon service that experienced numerous cracking problems over a 8-year period, where cracks were confined to the welded zones.  The material is  TP347 stainless steel, welded with E347-16 consumables.

Product Number: 51300-08454-SG
ISBN: 08454 2008 CP
Author: Christian E. van der Westhuizen
Publication Date: 2008
Industries: Petroleum Refining , Materials Selection and Design
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This paper discusses reactors that experienced numerous cracking problems, over a 8-year period, where cracks are confined to the welded zones. The reactors were in hydrocarbon service. The material of construction is solid TP347 stainless steel and the original construction welds as well as initial repair welds were done with E347-16 consumables. Other factors playing a role are: more than 60 transients resulting in creep-fatigue as well as the poor creep-rupture ductility of welds. Inner surfaces are subject to coke formation and a small degree of low temperature carburization and sulfidation at temperatures in the region of 560°C. Welded joints that have cracked are where the parent material is above 12mm in thickness and where grain sizes are coarser than ASTM no 3.5. Concerns of weld quality, triaxial stress raisers, heat treatment practices, melt practices and sigma phase formation is included.

Keywords: Stress relaxation cracking, TP347 stainless steel

This paper discusses reactors that experienced numerous cracking problems, over a 8-year period, where cracks are confined to the welded zones. The reactors were in hydrocarbon service. The material of construction is solid TP347 stainless steel and the original construction welds as well as initial repair welds were done with E347-16 consumables. Other factors playing a role are: more than 60 transients resulting in creep-fatigue as well as the poor creep-rupture ductility of welds. Inner surfaces are subject to coke formation and a small degree of low temperature carburization and sulfidation at temperatures in the region of 560°C. Welded joints that have cracked are where the parent material is above 12mm in thickness and where grain sizes are coarser than ASTM no 3.5. Concerns of weld quality, triaxial stress raisers, heat treatment practices, melt practices and sigma phase formation is included.

Keywords: Stress relaxation cracking, TP347 stainless steel

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The research was focused to assess the key factors concerning relaxation cracking and how to control it. It included the effect of chemical composition of the base materials (both Fe and Ni base alloys), heat to heat variation, grain size, cold deformation, welding, operating temperature and heat treatments.
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Various alloys subjected various heat treatments were examined in-service and tested to determine their susceptibility to stress relaxation cracking.
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Author: Yunjo Ro / Ihho Park / Gyutae Park / Jaewoong Kim
Publication Date: 2018
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In the present study, detailed microstructure of the crack-tip region of a failed tube was examined using SEM, TEM and EBSD to clarify the relaxation crack mechanism.  Details of the microstructural findings and a proposed mechanism of stress relief cracking will be discussed.

 
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