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08184 Issues Around the Use of Zirconium in Sulfuric Acid

Picture for 08184 Issues Around the Use of Zirconium in Sulfuric Acid
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Product Number: 51300-08184-SG
ISBN: 08184 2008 CP
Author: Te-Lin Yau and Derrill Holmes
Publication Date: 2008
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Sulfuric acid is one of the most complicated corrosives for passive alloys to handle. It gradually changes from the highly reducing character of dilute solutions to the strongly oxidizing character of concentrated solutions. It becomes even more complicated when other variables, such as temperature, pressure and impurities, are involved. The usefulness of many alloys in sulfuric acid is restricted to some specific conditions, such as low concentration, high concentrations, or low temperatures. The corrosion of zirconium in sulfuric acid solutions is rather straightforward. It resists attack by sulfuric acid at all concentrations up to 70% and at temperatures to boiling and above. In 70 to 80% sulfuric acid, the resistance of zirconium depends strongly on temperature. In higher concentrations, the corrosion rate of zirconium increases rapidly with increasing concentration.
Sulfuric acid is one of the most complicated corrosives for passive alloys to handle. It gradually changes from the highly reducing character of dilute solutions to the strongly oxidizing character of concentrated solutions. It becomes even more complicated when other variables, such as temperature, pressure and impurities, are involved. The usefulness of many alloys in sulfuric acid is restricted to some specific conditions, such as low concentration, high concentrations, or low temperatures. The corrosion of zirconium in sulfuric acid solutions is rather straightforward. It resists attack by sulfuric acid at all concentrations up to 70% and at temperatures to boiling and above. In 70 to 80% sulfuric acid, the resistance of zirconium depends strongly on temperature. In higher concentrations, the corrosion rate of zirconium increases rapidly with increasing concentration.
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Sulfuric acid is one of the most important elementary substances of the chemical industry.  There is no stainless steel or even a nickel base alloy available which is suitable over the entire concentration range.  This paper will give corrosion data in up to 75 % sulfuric acid at boiling temperature for various commercial grades as well as for some new developmental alloys.
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