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07060 SCALE FORMATION IN TUNGSTEN CHEMICAL PROCESS

Picture for 07060 SCALE FORMATION IN TUNGSTEN CHEMICAL PROCESS
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Product Number: 51300-07060-SG
ISBN: 07060 2007 CP
Author: Raj P. Singh Gaur
Publication Date: 2007
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This paper pertains to the characterization and chemistry of scale formation occurring in an industrial tungsten chemical process. In tungsten process, scales typically form in filter presses, pipes (carrying various solutions and waste waters) and evaporation crystallizers. This paper presents our results on the scale that forms in a filter press. Scale is formed on the plate supporting filter cloth and located in the exit side of wash solution. Major constituents of the scale were two tantalum compounds: Na14(Ta0.715Nb0.285)12O37.31H2O and Na3Ta0.715Nb0.285O4. It is suspected that the scale formation may be related to the filtration of tungsten values from sludge generated as a result of the high-temperature digestion of tantalum containing feeds in sodium hydroxide. It seems to be forming after the water-wash of the wet sludge. Because scale formation interferes in the normal operation of the filter press, chemistry of its formation and methods for its mitigation need to be investigated.
This paper pertains to the characterization and chemistry of scale formation occurring in an industrial tungsten chemical process. In tungsten process, scales typically form in filter presses, pipes (carrying various solutions and waste waters) and evaporation crystallizers. This paper presents our results on the scale that forms in a filter press. Scale is formed on the plate supporting filter cloth and located in the exit side of wash solution. Major constituents of the scale were two tantalum compounds: Na14(Ta0.715Nb0.285)12O37.31H2O and Na3Ta0.715Nb0.285O4. It is suspected that the scale formation may be related to the filtration of tungsten values from sludge generated as a result of the high-temperature digestion of tantalum containing feeds in sodium hydroxide. It seems to be forming after the water-wash of the wet sludge. Because scale formation interferes in the normal operation of the filter press, chemistry of its formation and methods for its mitigation need to be investigated.
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This paper reviews the concerns of applying excessive levels of cathodic protection current to pipelines and the need for establishing an upper potential limit. Coating disbondment, hydrogen induced stress cracks, stress corrosion cracking, hard spots and the problems associated with measurement of a true polarized pipe-to-electrolyte potential are addressed.
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