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01018 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF SUPERDUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

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Product Number: 51300-01018-SG
ISBN: 01018 2001 CP
Author: P Woollin and W Murphy
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Two superduplex stainless steel hubs on a subsea manifold subject to cathodic protection failed as a result of hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking. A series of tests was performed to establish the threshold condition for cracking. The tests included: (i) constant-load smooth bend tests, (ii) constant-deflection smooth bend tests, (iii) constant-load pre-cracked bend tests, (iv) interrupted slow strain rate tensile tests, (v) constant-load tensile tests, (vi) approximately constant-strain tensile tests and (vii) full-scale hub tests. The testing identified a very marked difference in material response under load- control and displacement-control. Under constant-load conditions, tensile testing indicated a threshold stress for crack initiation and propagation in the hub material in 50 days of 545MPa, equivalent to an initial strain of 0.5%. Strain continued to develop over the test duration, due to low temperature creep, to 0.9% after 50 days. Full-scale hub tests confirmed that this threshold level was appropriate to the hubs and that residual stress in the hubs contributed to cracking. In displacement-controlled bend tests, with deflection prior to exposure, threshold strains of 2.1% and 8% were identified for crack initiation and propagation respectively. Comparison with previously published work and powder metallurgy pipe indicated that the hub material was particularly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion as a consequence of its microstructure, which had coarse aligned grains and nitrides/carbonitrides. Ferrite volume fraction and hardness were apparently of secondary importance.
Two superduplex stainless steel hubs on a subsea manifold subject to cathodic protection failed as a result of hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking. A series of tests was performed to establish the threshold condition for cracking. The tests included: (i) constant-load smooth bend tests, (ii) constant-deflection smooth bend tests, (iii) constant-load pre-cracked bend tests, (iv) interrupted slow strain rate tensile tests, (v) constant-load tensile tests, (vi) approximately constant-strain tensile tests and (vii) full-scale hub tests. The testing identified a very marked difference in material response under load- control and displacement-control. Under constant-load conditions, tensile testing indicated a threshold stress for crack initiation and propagation in the hub material in 50 days of 545MPa, equivalent to an initial strain of 0.5%. Strain continued to develop over the test duration, due to low temperature creep, to 0.9% after 50 days. Full-scale hub tests confirmed that this threshold level was appropriate to the hubs and that residual stress in the hubs contributed to cracking. In displacement-controlled bend tests, with deflection prior to exposure, threshold strains of 2.1% and 8% were identified for crack initiation and propagation respectively. Comparison with previously published work and powder metallurgy pipe indicated that the hub material was particularly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion as a consequence of its microstructure, which had coarse aligned grains and nitrides/carbonitrides. Ferrite volume fraction and hardness were apparently of secondary importance.
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05098 A Review on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51300-05098-SG
ISBN: 05098 2005 CP
Author: Thierry Cassagne and Freddy Busschaert, Total France
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01011 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN DEEP SEA : HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RISK AND CATHODIC PROTECTION CRITERIA

Product Number: 51300-01011-SG
ISBN: 01011 2001 CP
Author: Dominique Festy
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Picture for 03534 EVALUATION OF HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
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03534 EVALUATION OF HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF S13CR STAINLESS STEELS BASED ON SSR AND CTOD TESTING

Product Number: 51300-03534-SG
ISBN: 03534 2003 CP
Author: T. Rogne, B. Nyhus, M. Svenning, H.I. Lange, O. Ørjasæter, T.G. Eggen
Publication Date: 2003
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SINTEF (a Norwegian research Co.) made studies of the sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of super 13Cr martensitic stainless steels. These tests are summarised in this paper. Both slow strain rate (SSR), 4-point-bend and fracture mechanics testing have been conducted.  The effect of temperature, cathodic protection (CP), applied potential, strain rate and H2S were investigated.
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