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00363 A REVIEW OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF HIGH PRESSURE GAS PIPELINES

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Product Number: 51300-00363-SG
ISBN: 00636 2000 CP
Author: R.N.Parkins
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A comparison is made of the characteristics of the two forms of stress corrosion cracking in pipelines, i.e. the commoner form involving intergranular cracking due to the presence of a relatively concentrated carbonate-bicarbonate solution, against the transgranular cracking that is engendered by a dilute, lower pH solution. Consideration is given as to how the higher pH solution derives from the lower pH version and the influence of the different environments on the mechanisms of crack initiation and growth. The ingress of hydrogen to the steel is involved with the lower pH solution, although the precise role of hydrogen in the cracking process remains speculative. For the intergranular form of cracking cyclic stress-strain behaviour has been shown to correlate with the cracking susceptibilities of various steels. Since cyclic loading has been shown to enhance the propensity for cracking by low pH solutions, it is conceivable that the cyclic stress-strain characteristics of steels may also be reflected in that form of cracking. The approaches to control or prevention of stress corrosion cracking of pipelines are outlined.

Keywords: pipelines, stress corrosion cracking, ground waters, hydrogen, bicarbonate solutions, potentials, crack initiation, crack growth, crack coalescence, cyclic loading
A comparison is made of the characteristics of the two forms of stress corrosion cracking in pipelines, i.e. the commoner form involving intergranular cracking due to the presence of a relatively concentrated carbonate-bicarbonate solution, against the transgranular cracking that is engendered by a dilute, lower pH solution. Consideration is given as to how the higher pH solution derives from the lower pH version and the influence of the different environments on the mechanisms of crack initiation and growth. The ingress of hydrogen to the steel is involved with the lower pH solution, although the precise role of hydrogen in the cracking process remains speculative. For the intergranular form of cracking cyclic stress-strain behaviour has been shown to correlate with the cracking susceptibilities of various steels. Since cyclic loading has been shown to enhance the propensity for cracking by low pH solutions, it is conceivable that the cyclic stress-strain characteristics of steels may also be reflected in that form of cracking. The approaches to control or prevention of stress corrosion cracking of pipelines are outlined.

Keywords: pipelines, stress corrosion cracking, ground waters, hydrogen, bicarbonate solutions, potentials, crack initiation, crack growth, crack coalescence, cyclic loading
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