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00196 High-Resolution Comparison of Primary- and Secondary-Side Intergranular Degradation in Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tubing

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Product Number: 51300-00196-SG
ISBN: 00196 2000 CP
Author: S. M. Bruemmer, V.Y. Gertsman and L. E. Thomas
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Intergranular (Ia) attack and stress-corrosion cracks in alloy 600 tubing removed from the PWR steam generator number 1 at Ringhals 2 have been characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). Comparisons are made between environmentally induced cracks initiated on the primary-water ID surface versus those initiated on the secondary-water OD surface. General SCC crack morphologies were quite similar with branched IG cracking extending to approximately 50% through wall. Corrosion products in the open cracks were quite different with hydrated nickel phosphate seen filling the secondary-side crack, while the crack wall oxide in the primary-side crack was a Cr and Fe- tich spinel. Both samples revealed narrow (-10-nm wide), deeply penetrated, oxidized zones along most grain boundaries that intersect the open cracks. The local structures and chemistries in these corrosion-affected zones were examined by high-resolution TEM imaging, electron diffraction and fine-probe compositional analysis. These porous IG penetrations were nearly identical in appearance for both the primary- and secondary-side examples and contained Cr-rich oxides (Cr2O3 on the primary side and spinel plus Cr2O3 on the secondary side). Similarities between corrosion-induced structures for primary- and secondary-side cracking may indicate that the same degradation mechanism is operating in both cases. However, controlled experiments are needed where specific mechanisms can be properly distinguished. Keywords: Intergranular attack, stress corrosion cracking, Ni-base alloys, grain boundaries, oxidation,analytical electron microscopy
Intergranular (Ia) attack and stress-corrosion cracks in alloy 600 tubing removed from the PWR steam generator number 1 at Ringhals 2 have been characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). Comparisons are made between environmentally induced cracks initiated on the primary-water ID surface versus those initiated on the secondary-water OD surface. General SCC crack morphologies were quite similar with branched IG cracking extending to approximately 50% through wall. Corrosion products in the open cracks were quite different with hydrated nickel phosphate seen filling the secondary-side crack, while the crack wall oxide in the primary-side crack was a Cr and Fe- tich spinel. Both samples revealed narrow (-10-nm wide), deeply penetrated, oxidized zones along most grain boundaries that intersect the open cracks. The local structures and chemistries in these corrosion-affected zones were examined by high-resolution TEM imaging, electron diffraction and fine-probe compositional analysis. These porous IG penetrations were nearly identical in appearance for both the primary- and secondary-side examples and contained Cr-rich oxides (Cr2O3 on the primary side and spinel plus Cr2O3 on the secondary side). Similarities between corrosion-induced structures for primary- and secondary-side cracking may indicate that the same degradation mechanism is operating in both cases. However, controlled experiments are needed where specific mechanisms can be properly distinguished. Keywords: Intergranular attack, stress corrosion cracking, Ni-base alloys, grain boundaries, oxidation,analytical electron microscopy
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