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Picture for Detection of H2S in Oilfield Chemicals
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Detection of H2S in Oilfield Chemicals

Product Number: 51324-21181-SG
Author: Tracey Jackson; Kung-Po Chao; Ya Liu
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
For several years chemical vendors and oilfield operators have measured H2S presumably generated in situ in oilfield products, specifically corrosion inhibitors and combination scale and corrosion inhibitors. Sometimes when handling oilfield chemicals, a personal H2S monitor will be triggered with the assumption that this response is from H2S. Since the alert is triggered in close proximity to some oilfield chemicals or even while opening the chemical container, the logical conclusion is that the product contains H2S; however, these monitors are likely detecting vapor phase water-soluble, small chain sulfur species like 2-mercapoethanol (2ME) or thioglycolic acid (TGA). Analytical methods used to measure H2S to investigate these phenomena typically use gas chromatography (GC) with high inlet temperatures to evaluate the composition of the product headspace. These high temperatures cause thermal decomposition of water-soluble organosulfur intermediates (OSIs) which can result in a H2S response. The authors have studied several such phenomena associated with oilfield products and have developed methods to investigate these phenomena to determine the cause of H2S alerts. The goal is to allow operators and chemical vendors to make informed health and safety decisions about detection devices as well as chemical products selected for oilfield service. This paper describes the methods needed to determine the true H2S content of an oilfield chemical product as well as the impact of product composition changes on personal monitor false alarms.
Picture for Electrochemical Investigation of the Integrity of Cathodic Protection MMO Anodes in the Presence of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors
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Electrochemical Investigation of the Integrity of Cathodic Protection MMO Anodes in the Presence of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51324-21177-SG
Author: Juan Dominguez Olivo; Terry Natale; Sujay Math
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Cathodic protection (CP) technology is widely utilized to safeguard aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) against soil-side corrosion, with the U.S. Department of Transportation mandating the implementation of CP systems for ASTs governed by federal regulations. CP is typically applied to the new ASTs bottom through the installation of anodes under the tanks. The anodic portion of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems consists of titanium conductor bars and mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes which are embedded in the sand bed a few inches below the new bottoms. To enhance the soil-side protection of tank bottoms, the combined usage of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs) and CP systems has shown promise. Previous studies have indicated that the use of VCIs and CP is synergistic, and the performance of anodes remained unaffected by the presence of VCIs. Building upon these findings, the present research aims to investigate the integrity of titanium substrate MMO anodes in the presence of VCIs. This study focuses on the electrochemical characteristics of titanium substrate mixed metal oxide (MMO), in conjunction with VCIs. Through the utilization of ASTM G61, the research findings suggest that the pitting immunity nature of MMO and titanium anodes remains unaltered in the presence of VCIs.
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