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Evaluation of the proprietary prediction model and validation studies conducted in IOCL’s refinery crude units. Case studies comparing predictions with the refinery inspection / measured corrosion rate data are provided.
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Extraction units are typically utilizing the solvents to dissolve the aromatics compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes from hydrocarbon stream. These solvents are organo-sulfur compound which is readily soluble in the water due to high polarity of oxygen-sulfur compounds.
Fresh solvents are not considered to be corrosive for carbon steel and stainless-steel components, however improper application and handling of this solvents will result in degradation of this products.
Alloy 35Mo is a new versatile Ni-alloy which has corrosion and mechanical properties comparable to advanced Ni-base alloys, with the benefit that it can be processed like a stainless steel. The alloy was recently designated UNS N08935 with the composition 35Ni-30Fe-27Cr-6.5Mo-0.28N and has a PREN of 52. This paper presents the mechanical and physical properties of the material and results from corrosion testing. Corrosion results from general corrosion testing in acid environments, together with results from stress corrosion cracking testing in chloride environments and pitting corrosion testing show that UNS N08935 can be used in harsh environments in many applications, e.g. heat exchangers in refinery industry and equipment with seawater cooling. UNS N08935 also has high mechanical strength, and good weldability has been shown using Alloy 59 as filler metal.
Industrial usage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) has grown consistently in recent years, thanks to the improved characteristics imparted to the oxide film in terms of surface adhesion, hardness, crystallinity, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. The metallic substrate is not subjected to elevated temperature and the overall equipment complexity is relatively simple, making the technique a good candidate for surface functionalization. In PEO treatments, high voltages are employed (~ 150-750 V 1) allowing for the formation of an insulating, or at least semiconductive, oxide layer that’s limits ion transport responsible for the initial coating growth. Beyond the spark voltage (prerequisite the enter the PEO regime) oxidation does not occur only as the result of a continuous flow of ions but rather it takes place after the cooling of a plasma discharge.
Methods for the handling and use of inhibited hydrochloric acid for oilfield applications. Minimizing acid corrosion. Preparation of the well & acid solution. Solution pumping/injection. Handling return fluids.