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Erosion, a mechanical process during which material is removed from the pipelines and other flow-containing equipment, can occur when solid particles such as sand are carried by the flow. Erosion is more critical when there is a change in the flow direction, such as particle-laden flows in elbows and tees.
While experimentation is a possible approach to obtain erosion rates, the conditions under which tests could be performed are limited in some respects.
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Corrosion, which is the degradation of materials due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment, poses significant economic and safety concerns across various industries, including infrastructure, transportation, energy, and the Oil and Gas sector 1. Biocorrosion, initiated by microbial activities, has gained significant attention due to its destructive effects on metallic structures and critical assets 2. The formation of biofilms by microbial induced bacteria such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acid-producing bacteria (APB) has been identified as a prominent mechanism contributing to biocorrosion in various environments such as oil and gas.