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This Guide focuses on those water chemistry parameters that are key for corrosion prediction. Additional parameters may be required for other materials and corrosion evaluations and decisions. This Guide does not provide a procedure for how, when, and where to take water samples or how to preserve samples.
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The thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor MEG is a robust choice for long distance gas-condensate tie-backs operating at low temperature. The possibility to regenerate and recycle the MEG enables cost effective operation with low discharges. The choice of regeneration process depends on the salt content of the produced water.
Various corrosion prediction tools for CO₂/H₂S corrosion have been developed in the past thirty years. For corrosion analysis in oil and gas production, the water chemistry largely determines the corrosion rate which is mainly driven by in-situ pH.
The in-situ water or brine is pressurized with acid gases (CO₂/H₂S) which results in a decrease in pH and typically an increase in the corrosion rate.
Both mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digesters are currently being utilized to treat sludge derived from more than typical municipal sewerage sources. Wastewater treatment plants are accepting septage and sludge from food waste and industrial contributors routinely today. Receiving these other sources of waste which are extremely high in volatile solids is a source of significant income for the utilities.