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Picture for Galvanic Interactions Between Surface Layers And Bare Carbon Steel In Aqueous CO2 Environments
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Galvanic Interactions Between Surface Layers And Bare Carbon Steel In Aqueous CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51322-17654-SG
Author: Joshua Owen, Francois Ropital, Gaurav R. Joshi, Jean Kittel
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

In aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated environments, such as those found in geothermal energy, oil and gas and carbon abatement industries, various naturally occurring layers can be found on the internal surface of carbon steel infrastructure, such as pipelines, as they corrode in the mildly acidic conditions. Amongst the most commonly found layers are iron carbonate (FeCO3), iron carbide (Fe3C) and magnetite (Fe3O4). FeCO3 can offer corrosion protection to the underlying steel when formed under certain conditions, as too can Fe3O4. Fe3C is typically associated with enhancement of electrochemical activity of carbon steel and is revealed due to preferential dissolution of ferrite in the steel microstructure – through the formation of a porous network at the steel surface. Each of these layers play a fundamental role in the uniform and localized corrosion of the underlying carbon steel.
Picture for Modified magnetite surface layers on carbon steel in aqueous CO2 environments
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Modified magnetite surface layers on carbon steel in aqueous CO2 environments

Product Number: 51323-19127-SG
Author: Joshua Owen, Richard Barker, Francois Ropital, Gaurav R. Joshi, Jean Kittel, Robert Jacklin, Danny Burkle, Erlend Straume, Sigrún Nanna Karlsdóttir
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Surface layers often form on carbon steel surfaces in carbon dioxide (CO2) saturated environments and under certain conditions can offer corrosion protection to the underlying steel. One such layer, magnetite (Fe3O4) is a semiconductor, having a reported electrical resistivity of the order of 10-2 to 10-1 Ω∙cm and band gap of 0.1 eV. The conductive properties of Fe3O4 are of significant importance when understanding the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel, as Fe3O4 can readily establish a galvanic couple with the steel surface upon which it has formed.
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