AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'conductivity'

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Application Concerns and Practices for Applying Conductive and Static Dissipative Coating to Concrete

Product Number: 51216-007-SG

Author: Steven Schroeder

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Conductive and static dissipative floorings and coatings are designed to provide protection from electrical charges causing harm to work or products. This presentation is designed to familiarize you with the phenomenon of Static Electricity, how it is generated and its effects on industry. We will then discuss ways to alleviate or restrict problems associated with ESD by utilizing specialized conductive or static dissipative flooring and coating products. Specifically focused on the common conditions and design considerations required for a proper installation, including substrate requirements, grounding and strapping recommendations, and product selection criteria.

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Critical Review of International Standards on Soluble Salts Measurement Methods

Product Number: 51324-20851-SG

Author: Sophia Xiaoxia Zhu; Benjamin T. A. Chang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

It is well known that the residual salts on steel substrates have detrimental effects on the coating performance. There are several international standards on the measurement of residual salts. The most widely recognized ones are ISO 8502-6 and 8502-9. ISO 8502-6 specifies the soluble salts extraction procedures and ISO 8502-9 specifies the calculation of the soluble NaCl salt. The standards use 3 ml deionized (DI) water in 10 minutes dwell time to extract the soluble salts to measure with a potable conductivity meter. The measured conductivity reading in µS/cm is multiplied by 1.2 to convert into total (NaCl) salts in mg/m2. The ISO standards assume the extracted salt solution containing only Na+ and Cl- ions and use a simple analytical calculation to convert the conductivity to the total NaCl salt concentration on the contaminated steel surface. In fact, in addition to Na+ and Cl- ions, Fe+2, OH- ions are also in the extracted salt solution contributing to the conductivity reading, but not considered in the total salt calculation. The ISO standards on the total (NaCl) salt measurement are oversimplified that leads to inaccurate estimation of the residual salts. The chloride ions in aqueous condition can cause micro-pits on the carbon steel surface. The pit density and depth are related to the salt levels and corrosion reaction time. During the salt measurement, the DI water can not readily migrate to the micro-pits to extract salts, and the salt extraction efficiency depends on the corrosion severity. In this work we have investigated the salt extraction on doped salted steel panels with five known amounts of NaCl salt. We also used a chloride electrode to measure the chloride ion concentration. The test results showed that the salt extraction efficiency depends on the severity of the pitting corrosion. Based on the chloride level, the extraction efficiency is 90% at low salt content and 50-66% at higher salt content on the grit blasted panels using Bresle patch method. It is recommended to use the residual chloride concentration in the coating specifications as the acceptance criterion, not the total NaCl salt level. More research is to be done to investigate the residual chloride measurements to give the international coating community a more reliable test method in the field.

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Measuring Sodium Chloride, Salt and Soluble Contaminants

Product Number: 41216-964-SG

Author: Nico Frankhuizen

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This paper deals with the issue of surface contaminates analyses presently available on the market. The amount of variations of analyses and more important statements of the results cause great problems on the market. Described in the paper are not only the analyses possible, but also the interpretations belonging to them. However, salt measurements are used worldwide, its basics often appear to be a worldwide mystery. This paper should clarify the most common made mistakes.

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Soluble Salt Contamination: Testing and Cleaning before Coating

Product Number: 51324-20827-SG

Author: Cortney Chalifoux; Alec Kraynak

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper focuses on the often-overlooked issue of soluble salt contamination testing and removal during surface preparation prior to coating application. Soluble salts, including chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates, left on the surface prior to coating application can lead to osmotic blistering, corrosion, and coating failures. Several standards provide methods to test for soluble salts. However, there is no industry consensus on acceptable contamination levels given the diversity of coating systems and environments. This paper serves as a guide intended to shed light on the specific issue of soluble salt contamination, particularly on carbon steel surfaces. By addressing the nuances and challenges posed by soluble salt contaminants, this paper aims to equip engineers and professionals in the field with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complexities of surface preparation and ensure the integrity and longevity of coating systems on carbon steel surfaces.

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SP0213-2013, Definition of Set Soluble Salt Levels by Conductivity Measurements

Product Number: 21172-SG

ISBN: 1-57590-260-5

Publication Date: 2013

$109.00

Method to describe specific levels of soluble salt contamination for the purpose of specifying surface cleanliness prior to coating. Employs surface conductivity measurements.

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Use Of Halophytes To Manage Soil Characteristics In Joint Use Environments

Product Number: 51321-16550-SG

Author: Jon H. Brasher/ Evelyn Boone/Dr. Dennis Delaney/ Dr. Audrey Gamble/ Dr. Dale Monks/ Selina Bruckner

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Products tagged with 'conductivity'

Application Concerns and Practices for Applying Conductive and Static Dissipative Coating to Concrete

Critical Review of International Standards on Soluble Salts Measurement Methods

Measuring Sodium Chloride, Salt and Soluble Contaminants

Soluble Salt Contamination: Testing and Cleaning before Coating

SP0213-2013, Definition of Set Soluble Salt Levels by Conductivity Measurements

Use Of Halophytes To Manage Soil Characteristics In Joint Use Environments

Association for Materials Protection and Performance