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In the oil and gas industry, long-distance transportation of petroleum and related products is usually carried out in large-diameter carbon steel pipelines. Water present with the oil, along with corrosive species such as CO2, H2S and organic acids, causes severe corrosion of the inner pipe walls.1 An effective method of controlling corrosion is to continuously inject corrosion inhibitors into pipelines conveying oil-water mixtures. As corrosion occurs on water wetted metal surfaces, corrosion inhibitor (CI) molecules form protective films which retard electrochemical reaction rates at the water-metal interface,2 thereby protecting carbon steel pipes against CO2 ("sweet") corrosion and H2S ("sour") corrosion. Most commercial CIs are a complex mixture of several compounds that contain surfactant-type active ingredients, such as imidazoline, amine, phosphate ester, and quaternary ammonium derivatives.
Organic corrosion inhibitors (CIs) are widely employed in the oil and gas industry to protect carbon steel pipelines against internal corrosion. The high inhibition efficiency of organic CIs at extremely low concentration can be attributed to their amphiphilic molecular structures. This structure enables the formation of self-assembled films that act against corrosion via the adsorption of their hydrophilic head group on the steel substrate and the repellence of aqueous corrosive species by their hydrophobic tail. Consequently, any factors affecting the film formation of organic CIs could lead to changes in inhibition behaviors.