AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'stray current'

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05242 Track-to-Earth Resistance, What Does it Mean?

Product Number: 51300-05242-SG

ISBN: 05242 2005 CP

Author: Edwin Wetzel, Professional Corrosion Service

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

The development of design levels of track-to-earth resistance has been diluted and misunderstood. This paper will describe development of track-to-earth resistance levels, examples of differences in systems and extensions, describe the latest technologies and discuss acceptance testing.

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10102 High Voltage Direct Current Interference with Underground/Underwater Pipelines

Product Number: 51300-10102-SG

ISBN: 10102 2010 CP

Author: Peter Nicholson

Publication Date: 2010

$20.00

This paper will outline the effect of stray current that originates from an HVDC transmission system that runs parallel to and crosses a crude oil and natural gas pipeline system.

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A Novel Approach to Assessing Stray Current Interference without Potential Interruption

Product Number: 51324-20452-SG

Author: Parker B. Robbins

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A novel approach is proposed to assess a procedure for testing whether a pipeline may be interfered with from DC stray current. With the rise in popularity of portable coupons in AC mitigation testing, the paper proposes a method to evaluate DC stray current with a portable or stationary coupon without requiring potential interruption on foreign structures. This may allow technicians to conduct additional testing on suspected interference spots without requiring the interruption of a foreign pipeline or structure. This paper outlines and proposes a procedure for determining the likelihood of DC stray current interference utilizing coupons. Additionally, the paper recommends and outlines a proposed study to assess the accuracy of the techniques in the proposed procedure. While DC current cannot typically be measured and quantified for a bare metal holiday on a pipeline, coupons allow for a controlled and measurable connection to a simulated pipeline holiday. The procedure may be utilized to distinguish when suppressed potentials are occurring on a pipeline as a result of DC stray current interference rather than from inadequate current provided by CP system, a foreign voltage gradient, shielding or electrical grounding, even when the source of current is unknown. The procedure may also be beneficial in situations with atypical interring-structures where the existence of the interfering structure is unknown or where the applied voltage of the interfering structure cannot be interrupted traditionally such as with the prevalence of DC current situations occurring from installed or newly repaired direct-buried communication utility cables with weak splices at unknown locations. The procedure may also be utilized as an initial step to determine first steps in a DC stray current interference situation.

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Alleviating Stray Current Concerns “Our Infrastructure is Corroding!”

Product Number: 51323-19233-SG

Author: Kevin J. Sunderman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stray current prevention, where do you start? When dealing with stray current from a DC Transit
system it is all about building in “layers” of protection. This begins right from the start of your project through the creation of a design and maintenance guideline, through construction with inspection and testing plans and then through long range testing and maintenance plans.

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Combined Cathodic and Anodic Interference in Pipeline - An Analysis

Product Number: 51317--9004-SG

ISBN: 9004 2017 CP

Author: Rituraj Mishra

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this paper exhaustive field study trials to monitor the pipe to soil potential over an extended time period and subsequent analysis of data has been discussed with reference to the critical Combined Cathodic and Anodic Interference phenomena observed on pipelines.

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Influence of Anodic Current on Corrosion Protection Conditions of Buried Steel Pipeline Under Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51317--9021-SG

ISBN: 9021 2017 CP

Author: Tomoyuki Nagai

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The influence of anodic current on the corrosion protection conditions of buried steel pipelines at a potential less noble than -0.85 V was evaluated in test cells simulating the pipelines under long-term cathodic protection. Results are discussed.

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NACE SP21427-2023, Detection and Mitigation of Stray-Current Corrosion of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures

Product Number: NACE SP21427-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

This standard practice describes appropriate prevention and mitigation measures that can be applied to RC and PC structures that are, or can be, exposed to stray-currents from external sources in order to minimize or eliminate stray-current corrosion. This standard practice addresses only steel corrosion related issues, and does not deal with issues of safety and hazards to people or structures associated with DC and AC voltages; these are covered in national standards and regulations, such as EN 50443 and EN 50122-1.

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Primer For The Inspection, Testing, And Analysis Of Electrically Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures

Product Number: 51322-17514-SG

Author: Samuel R. Rivera Jr.

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Population growth in city centers has spurred the expansion and new construction of direct current (DC) powered transit systems throughout the world1. Despite stringent design criteria, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) monitored construction practices and ongoing track maintenance, it is a fact that DC stray current will eventually occur and negatively impact buried and/or submerged metallic structures immediately adjacent and within the transit right-of-way (ROW)2. In combination with other methods to reduce stray current such as high track-to-earth (TTE) resistance values and shorter distances between substations, transit agencies are specifying the welding of reinforced steel structures within their purview such as retaining walls and footings, approach slabs, aerial inverts, and bridge abutments to prevent stray current from reducing the design life of surrounding metallic
structures.

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Stray Current Corrosion Risks and Case Histories in Communication Tower and Electric Transmission Applications

Product Number: 51320-14770-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam, Freddy Avendano and Peyman Taheri, Mehrooz Zamanzadeh, Nitesh Ahuja, Kevin Groll, Ben Jessup

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Stray current refers to electric current that flows elsewhere rather than along its intended path. Stray current is a well-known factor in pipeline maintenance and has been discovered to be an important consideration in communication and electric transmission structure maintenance. Corrosion caused by stray current is frequently many magnitudes greater than corrosion that occurs naturally in soil. Stray current may accelerate corrosion on guy anchors of communication towers and electric transmission towers which could lead to reduced service life or catastrophic failure.

In this paper, stray current corrosion risk for galvanized guy anchors is discussed in detail. Identification by structure-to-soil potential measurements is discussed. Stray current case studies are presented. Overall, this paper demonstrates that while stray current corrosion is a significant risk for guyed telecommunication and electric power structures, it can be detected and mitigated. This paper is an overview of the commonly accepted practices of stray current detection and mitigation used today.

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Study into the Cause of Failure of a Ductile Iron Water Pipe

Product Number: 51324-20696-SG

Author: Walter T. Young; Jeffrey Wells; Erin Nelson

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Campbell County Utilities and Services Authority in Lynchburg, VA installed a 12-inch ductile iron water pipe in 2008. It is the main water supply to the Concord area of Campbell County and Appomattox, VA. Since 2018, 16 leaks have occurred on the pipe within a two-mile length concentrated at two general locations. The pipe parallels fiber optic communications cables on both sides of the street but has no other potential interference sources. The pipe is cement mortar lined but is not externally coated, bonded or cathodically protected. A study was performed to determine the cause(s) of the leaks and the most appropriate remediation. The study consisted of soil resistivity and potential gradient measurements along the pipe run and excavation of the pipe in the most aggressive area and removal of a length of pipe for detailed inspection and chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical testing. This paper describes the study results in detail and the mitigation recommendations.

Products tagged with 'stray current'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance