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The focus herein is on comparing integrity probabilistic analysis approaches with a brief discussion on the existing deterministic approaches. The comparison study utilizes real life application of In-Line-Inspection (ILI) and field measurements of corroded onshore pipelines.
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This Guide was created as a process in the rail industry to standardize and document equipment used for the preparation, application, and inspection of coatings and linings along with the calibration intervals suggested for each piece of equipment. It also lists equipment that is not used to collect data in a quality control capacity and that would not require calibration.
Measuring physical parameters such as coating thickness, surface profile, and dew point is a common task for inspectors and applicators. However, those measurements are only as accurate as the instrument that performs them. Even high-quality electronic instruments can yield incorrect measurements.
As the author Robert M Pirsig stated, “Technology presumes there’s just one right way to do things, and there never is.” Whilst measuring coating thickness on concrete substrates is not new, the introduction of a new non-destructive thickness (NDT) gauge to measure coatings on concrete not only allows the user to evaluate the results obtained by existing instrumentation, but also provides an alternate non-destructive measuring solution - thereby increasing the industry’s confidence in the overall measurement technology.
The measurement of climatic conditions prior to applying a coating is vital to the success of the process, as it is well known that a surface at the dewpoint temperature will have a thin film of moisture over which the paint will be applied.
A simple search of the internet will tell you that the speed of sound of a material increases with temperature or decreases with temperature, depending on which sites you access. This paper looks at the effect of temperature on the speed of sound in coating materials and the subsequent effect of changes in temperature on the coating thickness readings, specifically on concrete, measured ultrasonically.
This paper discusses the revision of SSPC-PA 9, “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness Using Ultrasonic Gages.” This standard describes procedures to measure the thickness of dry, homogeneous coatings applied to concrete, wood, wallboard, plastic, fiber and composite material using commercially available ultrasonic coating thickness gages.