AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'insulation'

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CUI Assessment Near Insulation Support Rings Using Pulsed Eddy Currents

Product Number: 51323-19031-SG

Author: Donald Picard, Olivier Bellavance, Charles Tremblay, Andréanne Potvin

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pulsed Eddy Currents (PEC) is an electromagnetic inspection method for detecting thickness variations in carbon steel and cast iron through various insulation and/or protective components. It is also resilient to liftoff variations, making it a valuable technique for Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) assessment. The technology is widely used in the energy and petrochemical industries to detect and estimate the extent of corrosion in insulated or fire-proofed components like pipes and tanks without removing the covering.

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Cyclic CUI Testing of Insulation Materials

Product Number: 51317--8877-SG

ISBN: 8877 2017 CP

Author: Soeren Rasmussen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Via the testing of six generically different insulation materials, the study has tried to identify factors in an insulation material that are more influential on corrosion rates of carbon steel.

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Detection And Location Of Coating Defects And Disbondments On Buried Pipelines With Differential Reflectometry Mapping

Product Number: 51322-18065-SG

Author: Tristan Petit de Servins d’Héricourt, Homero Castaneda

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion control of buried assets usually involves a double shield: a coating system as a physical insulation barrier, and a cathodic protection system as an additional ad hoc defense. Detection of a corrosion spot at the coating defect stage is the only way to identify the threat before significant metal loss occurs. Furthermore, detection of defects in the coatings of such assets is especially important, since large defects, if left unrepaired, will not only leave the asset locally prone to corrosion, but also drain and weaken the cathodic protection effectiveness for the entire structure. Therefore, identification and characterization of coating anomalies is critical for the integrity of buried assets.

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Determination of Activation Energies for Nuclear Electrical Cable Insulation Using Density and Total Color Difference

Product Number: ED22-17336-SG

Author: D.Li, Y.Ni, A.Zwoster, M.R. Pallaka, M.Spencer, L.S. Fifield

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Electrical cables are critical components of nuclear power plants (NPPs) that ensure their safe operation. In use they are exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses, such as elevated temperature, gamma radiation, moisture, and electrical stress. Among the different environmental stresses, elevated temperature leads to the thermo-oxidative degradation of electrical cable insulation, which may cause early failure of electrical cables and subsequently lead to unplanned plant shutdowns, electrical transients, and/or a loss of safety redundancy.

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Evaluation Of Specific Energy Absorption Rate In Aged EPR-Insulated Cables Using Finite Element Analysis

Product Number: ED22-17312-SG

Author: Sean O’Brien, Brian Hinderliter, Margaret Elmer-Dixon, Melissa Maurer-Jones, Robert Duckworth

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Medium voltage (MV) cables, which typically operate in the range of 2 kV to 35 kV, are commonly used in nuclear power plants (NPPs) throughout the world. These cables support the safety and wellbeing of NPPs by providing supplementary power for safety systems to continue operating during emergency events such as natural disasters or human-induced outages. This allows for uninterrupted reactor operations for a short period of time until the primary safety systems can be brought back online. Given their critical importance to the operation of NPPs, MV cables are often installed in locations such as underground concrete ducts or electrical conduits that limit cable exposure to environmental stressors such as moisture and temperature. Despite the fact that these cables are not operating continuously given the overall rarity of NPP emergency events, they must still satisfy reliability and lifetime performance requirements of cables used in primary NPP operations.

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Forensic Investigation of Corrosion under Insulation from Rust Scale Sample

Product Number: 51324-20890-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Salwa Alachkar; Touqeer Sohail; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari; Shahzad Karim; Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is among the leading damage mechanisms in oil refining and hydrocarbon production facilities. CUI reportedly drives 40-60 % of the piping-related repairs and constitutes 10% of the overall maintenance spending. Numerous conventional and advanced inspection measures look for the occurrence and severity of CUI. On the other hand, the CUI formation reasons, and kinetics may not be well understood with the common inspection strategies. Like any other type(s) of corrosion, the rust scale samples can provide useful evidence in understanding CUI. With clarity on drivers and kinetics, the root cause analysis and decision making for CUI management can benefit from such information on drivers and kinetics. This article addresses the three different case studies on the forensic investigation of CUI via chemical analysis of rust scale samples. Rust samples from various assets in downstream and upstream facilities were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) which revealed range of corrosion products such as hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (a-FeOOH), akageneite (ß-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4), etc. The study then addresses the kinetics behind these corrosion products and suggests some practical measures for utilizing the forensic information on rust scale(s).

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Liquid Applied Insulation Coatings: From the Lab to the Field

Product Number: 51217-029-SG

Author: Nicole Bowman, Remi Briand, Jeremy Ethington

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Waterborne coatings are safer to use than their traditional solvent borne counterparts and can reduce environmental impacts. As the market share for waterborne coatings has grown, there has been increased focus on their performance. Simultaneously, the building industry has been challenging coatings manufacturers to provide functional coatings. No longer are aesthetics, corrosion prevention and protection enough; a coating can and should provide multiple benefits to the user. One of the fastest growing segments of the functional waterborne coatings market is liquid applied insulation coatings.

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Modelling of Corrosion Under Insulation in Oil Sands

Product Number: 51323-19209-SG

Author: Andrea Marciales, Martin Huard, Kofi Freeman Adane

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

According to the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) in Norway, corrosion under insulation (CUI) caused about 50% of all hydrocarbon leaks at onshore plants. In the case of Alberta’s oil sands, CUI has also been observed in thermal operations in above ground assets carrying emulsions, steam, hot water and/or warm water that are externally insulated to ensure safe and energy efficient operations. CUI has also been observed in oil sands mining operations in various piping systems and in tanks and vessels on structural supports and insulated support rings that are frequently in contact with soil or standing groundwater.

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Moisture Management In Thermal Insulations For In-Service And Out Of Service Pipelines

Product Number: 51322-17594-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana, Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Thermally insulated pipelines have wide networks globally that are used to transport various chemicals, hydrocarbons as well as steam. CUI (corrosion under insulation), external SCC (stress corrosion cracking) and corrosion fatigue are some of the prominent damage mechanisms which may occur on the external surface of insulated pipes/ pipelines that in turn jeopardize the long-term integrity and operations. The moisture is undoubtedly the key contributor behind the above said external degradations of metallic surfaces and can come under thermal insulations via seepage and/ or condensation. Various factors that influence the extent of moisture intrusion are the design of insulated system(s), type and age of insulation, operating temperature of pipeline(s) as well as environmental and neighborhood conditions.

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New Development in Thermal Insulation Coatings

Product Number: 51324-21011-SG

Author: Nicole Rakers

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In chemical process industries, oil and gas, and petrochemical plants, it is common practice to use mechanical insulation such as mineral wool or calcium silicate and metal jacketing on heated tanks, piping, and related equipment as a means of either personal protection or improved energy retention. These traditional insulation systems can become saturated with moisture, leading to significant reduction in ability to thermally insulate as well as creating an environment that may cause an increase in corrosion under insulation. To combat these issues, asset owners have also been using spray-on insulation coatings. However, these are often limited in film thickness and temperature resistance and require a primer. Recent coating technology has been developed to address these challenges currently faced in the field. This paper will discuss some of the coating’s improved properties including hydrophobicity, higher film thickness, improved temperature resistance, and direct-to-metal corrosion protection. These properties provide an asset owner the means to spray apply thermal insulation at higher operating temperatures in less coats and with better long-term protection against corrosion of the asset.

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Performance of Next Generation CUI Mitigation Systems

Product Number: 51317--9331-SG

ISBN: 9331 2017 CP

Author: Neil Wilds

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper will detail the performance differences between 1st generation and the next generation of ‘Multi Polymeric Inorganic Copolymer ‘and the proven benefits observed by the end user in the field but will also look at the alternatives to traditional insulation in the fight against corrosion under insulation (CUI).

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Pitfalls in the Typical RBI Methodology for CUI Management Programs

Product Number: 51324-20894-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Joel Chapman; Touqeer Sohail; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari; Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Modern-day risk-based inspection (RBI) platforms are designed to evaluate the safety and/or financial risk of assets using industry-recommended RBI methodologies (e.g., API 581). There are cases where the RBI methodology does not represent the true risk profile of the asset, despite implementing the best possible inspection programs and careful input of inspection data. One of the main pitfalls present is the inherent limitation in the risk calculation methodologies that makes no or little use of the inspection data. An example of such a situation is the CUI risk assessments that are subjected to uncertainties due to numerous scientific parameters that are partially addressed (or even unaddressed) in modern-day RBI approaches. This work addresses two case studies of external corrosion rates due to CUI for two pairs of test rigs made with small bore piping deployed with two different insulation designs, namely conventional design, and moisture egress design. The assemblies were tested using two different methods for CUI simulation and testing conditions. The first pair was tested per ASTM G189-07 under isothermal wet-dry conditions at 100 °C (212°F) for three days, while the second pair was submerged under water for two days followed by outdoor exposure for one year. The experimentally determined corrosion rates were compared to those calculated using API 581-compliant RBI software. The comparisons of resulting corrosion rates are complemented by an explanation of the deviations and pitfalls.

Products tagged with 'insulation'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance