AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'fatigue crack growth'

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A Review of the Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen on Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels and an Assessment of their Suitability for Hydrogen Transportation Purpose

Product Number: 51324-21016-SG

Author: Shigekazu Miyashita; Shunji Kataoka

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The mechanical properties of piping materials in gaseous hydrogen environments are still a complex subject, although steel pipelines have been a major means of transporting gaseous hydrogen for decades. An assessment of the material performance in gaseous hydrogen environments is necessary for safe and reliable pipeline design and operation, not only for existing pipelines but also for new pipelines needed to accommodate future consumption demands. Since the materials for hydrogen pipelines are usually subjected to the repeated loading of pressure fluctuations, fatigue crack growth in steels in gaseous hydrogen is of paramount concern. In this paper, the current understanding of the effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth are reviewed. In particular, the effects of various parameters, such as steel grade, loading frequency, stress ratio, and hydrogen partial pressure are discussed in detail. Moreover, fatigue crack growth analyses in hypothetical hydrogen pipelines using a fatigue crack growth model developed by the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) are presented. These analyses are used to assess the applicability of conventional pipeline steels, and their results indicate certain technical challenges for the industry.

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Crack Development in Fatigue Growth Assessment for Pipelines

Product Number: 51317--9402-SG

ISBN: 9402 2017 CP

Author: Kathy Zhang

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Effects of initial crack aspect ratio, pipeline diameter, wall thickness, and loading conditions on the crack shape development were investigated. A new methodology for fatigue crack growth assessment is demonstrated. The study provides a refinement for more accurate prediction of remaining service life for pipelines.

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Fatigue Properties of Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys and their Application in Design and FFS

Product Number: 51323-19188-SG

Author: Nathaniel G. Sutton, Phillip E. Prueter

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Zirconium and Zirconium alloys have been used successfully in a range of corrosive environments, both as base materials and as cladding on other backing materials. Zirconium is used extensively as fuel-rod “cladding” in nuclear reactors. In the chemical process industries, Zirconium and its alloys are used in urea production, acetic acid and vinyl acetate production, and various sulfuric, hydrochloric, and organic acid services.

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Influence of the H2 Impurity on the Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture in a Dense Phase CO2 Pipeline

Product Number: 51324-20721-SG

Author: B Bezensek; S Hopkin; J Sonke; F Gui; C Taylor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Transport of dense phase CO2 by pipelines needs to account for possible degradation mechanisms arising due to H2 impurity which can be present in (typically) the 0.75 ~ 1 mol% range depending on the specification used. H2 gas can affect fatigue and fracture properties even at low partial pressures and hence the integrity. In this study a complementary experimental and computational modeling program was undertaken. API 5L X65 grade material samples were used for comparable testing in pure H2 gas at low partial pressure H2 and in dense phase CO2 at 100 barg with H2 impurity added in a 2 mol% and 4 mol% increments (i.e. partial pressures of 2 barg and 4 barg). The test results show effect of the H2 impurity in the dense phase CO2 accelerated fatigue crack growth and reduced fracture toughness. These findings are supported by computational simulation using density functional theory and molecular dynamics. A scoping integrity assessment for a dense phase CO2 pipeline with H2 impurity at 2 mol% shows the measured accelerated fatigue crack growth only affects large pressure cycles (pressure range in excess of 70 bar for OD/WT pipelines of ~30). The fatigue life is significantly shortened compared to the pure CO2 pipeline and this is mainly driven by the reduced fracture toughness at low partial pressure H2. The fatigue damage is proportional to the maximum operating pressure (as it increases the pressure range). For a postulated 50-year design life a safe pipeline design window considering a range of conservative inputs (material properties, integrity operating window, geometry, postulated defect size etc.) a safe operating pressure of 2900 psig (200barg) was found for a new build pipeline using modern materials. For a repurposed vintage material pipeline the safe operating pressure was set at 2200 psig (150 barg). An ECA incorporating the deleterious effect of H2 should be conducted to confirm the above postulate unless the project falls within the limits of the conservative inputs (material properties, integrity operating window, geometry, postulated defect size etc.), from a fracture mechanics perspective, of the four case studies that form the basis of this overall study. Other impurities if exceeded their safe threshold may create water drop out and acid formation. It is imperative that the project specifications err on the side of caution and restrict the impurities to safe limits until further understanding of the complex interaction mechanisms is developed.

Products tagged with 'fatigue crack growth'

A Review of the Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen on Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels and an Assessment of their Suitability for Hydrogen Transportation Purpose

Crack Development in Fatigue Growth Assessment for Pipelines

Fatigue Properties of Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys and their Application in Design and FFS

Influence of the H2 Impurity on the Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture in a Dense Phase CO2 Pipeline

Association for Materials Protection and Performance