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This paper helps answer some questions by surveying numerous units processing high naphthenic acid-containing feeds, e.g. feeds with high total acid number (TAN). The survey lists the unit temperatures, TAN’s, flow schemes, materials and corrosion history.
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This Phase II work in NH3-dominated sour waters studied the impact of several process variables including NH4HS concentration, NH3 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure, temperature, cyanide concentration, and velocity (wall shear stress).
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents to traditional industrial emitters a critical transitional technology to globally manage greenhouse gas emission, meet the latest carbon net-zero ambitions, and continue the commercial use of fossil fuels. In CCS, anthropogenic CO2 is captured near emission, treated, compressed, transported (usually by steel pipelines), injected underground through casings, tubings, and completion equipment, and finally permanently stored into saline formations, aquifers, depleted (abandoned) reservoirs, or un-mineable coal seams. [1] Depending upon emitters, the injected CO2 is either near or in a dense state (i.e., indistinctly including a supercritical phase and potentially liquids) having various impurities.
This book provides an extensive update on the second edition with general coverage of the wide field of corrosion control. It is designed to help readers being initiated into corrosion work and presents each corrosion process or control procedure in the most basic terms. Since the first edition was published in 1970, there have been major advances and changes in the technologies used to combat corrosion damage.
2018 NACE, Third Edition, 822 pages
This is a print-on-demand (POD) book that will be produced just for you in 2-5 days after your order. It should arrive at your door in about one to two weeks. However, due to supply chain and logistic challenges currently affecting the industry, it may take longer. Allow three weeks for international orders.
2018 NACE, Third Edition, 822 pages, hardbound, 7 x 10" trim size
This paper focuses on the risk of corrosion of austenitic stainless steels following exposure to oxygenated chloride containing waters, such as during hydrotesting or commissioning activities.
Hydrotesting is an activity typically occurring during construction intended to confirm the component's structural integrity for the design and operating pressure. The commissioning phase can use the same water in multiple systems for dynamic commissioning.
This paper describes some of the materials and process challenges facing geothermal energy developers targeting efficiency improvements and extremes of aggressive geothermal fluid chemistries and temperatures.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. The purpose of this NACE International standard test method is to specify test methods and test conditions used to evaluate thermal properties, insulation values, and performance/integrity before and after thermal aging of insulative coatings. Testing for corrosion resistance is not included in this test method.
Developing a materials selection diagram (MSD) to document the materials selection of new equipment and piping for the refinery, process chemical, power, and other industries. HISTORICAL DOCUMENT
Upstream oil production assets, including oil production pipeline network and gas oil water separation facilities, play a dominant role in sustaining production targets to meet customer requirements. Corrosion management of such assets encompasses various phases, such as design, construction, operation, and decommissioning. Proper engineering design and sound construction practices combined with effective monitoring are essential to manage and maintain the corrosion of these assets within acceptable limits. Some of the considerations taken into account during design include: safety, environment, pressure, temperature, material availability, delivery time, and cost. Operating these assets outside of the design boundaries could influence the corrosion process, significantly impacting integrity. Close monitoring of operating parameters, along with identifying the corrosion by employing appropriate inspection techniques, and implementing timely corrective measures, are of paramount importance to preserving the integrity of these critical assets, which otherwise could lead to safety and environmental issues. This paper highlights three case studies involving the importance of cathodic protection monitoring, and failure analysis of an oil pipeline, along with corrosion inhibitor optimization efforts carried out to ensure asset integrity.