AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'crude corrosivity'

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51318-11381-Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Prediction Using Jip Model - Evaluation and Validation

Product Number: 51318-11381-SG

Author: Amir Q M / Kannan Chandrasekaran / Sridhar Srinivasan / Kwei Meng Yap

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Evaluation of the proprietary prediction model and validation studies conducted in IOCL’s refinery crude units. Case studies comparing predictions with the refinery inspection / measured corrosion rate data are provided.

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Corrosion Challenges in Processing Crude Oils: Influence of Active Sulfur Species and Corrosion Rates of Various Alloys

Product Number: 51324-21207-SG

Author: Yuhchae Yoon; Hui Li; Russell D. Kane

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The depletion of conventional sweet oil resources has led to increased attention towards sour and acidic oil sources, which typically consist of lower-quality, corrosive crude oils with elevated concentrations of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds. They are often referred to as “opportunity crudes” since they come at a lower price to refiners, but if successfully processed, they can result in a higher margin to the refinery. This paper focuses on an investigation of the impact of active sulfur species present in crude oils during processing. Corrosion rates of several common alloys were evaluated under stirred/pipe flow conditions in autoclaves. The experimental conditions closely simulated relevant refinery environments, encompassing temperatures ranging from 200°C to 370°C. The study assessed the influence of temperature, wall shear stress (WSS), and active sulfur content on corrosion rates. The results were derived from a comprehensive Joint Industry Program (JIP) conducted to quantify the influence of crude oil chemistry on naphthenic acid corrosion, understand the contributions of active sulfur chemistry to protection and FeS scale formation. The program also assessed the ability to resist naphthenic acid corrosion by utilizing beneficial sulfur speciation in the context of operational factors such as temperature and wall shear stress to build a prediction model to characterize the active sulfur level as a function of sulfur compound concentration and temperature, which is further utilized to predict corrosion rates of multiple alloys.

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High Temperature Corrosion Quantification in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Applications

Product Number: MECC23-20056-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The authors have developed and introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts simultaneous naphthenic acid and sulfidation (SNAPS) corrosion rates. This was subsequently presented as a definitive mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of reactive organic sulfur compounds (ROSC) to vessel walls . In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces. As recently reported, % total S and ppm mercaptans are used as input for the ROSC reactions in the model (Figure 1).

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Improved Unit Economics, Crude Blending and Throughput Management Using a Novel High Temperature Corrosion Prediction Framework

Product Number: MECC23-20054-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes. In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures. Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.

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Naphthenic Acid Corrosion And Sulfidic Corrosion In Crude Oil Fractions

Product Number: 51322-17533-SG

Author: Yuhchae Yoon, Hui Li, Kwei Meng Yap

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the petroleum industry, much greater attention has been focused on more highly sour and acidic oil resources due to the gradual depletion of conventional sweet oil resources. In addition, reducing crude oil costs have forced to look for opportunity (alternate) crudes, usually low-quality corrosive crude oils with high concentrations of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds.1 The main constituents in the crude that cause corrosion are sulfur compounds, organic and inorganic chlorides, salt water, organic and inorganic acids. Processing of these highly acidic and sulfur-containing crudes at high temperatures in refineries has promoted significant corrosion problem in hot oil distillation units and associated piping systems.

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Quantifying Effect of Hydrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Free Fatty Acid Corrosion in Renewable Diesel Applications

Product Number: 51324-20864-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan; Winston Robbins; Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Production of Renewable Diesel (RD) and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) from bio / natural oils has seen significant investment in recent years, stemming from worldwide government mandated need to reduce fossil fuel CO2 emissions. New investments have occurred in retrofitting / adapting existing refinery hydroprocessing infrastructure to process natural oils or coprocess natural oils blended with crudes to produce RD and SAF. This stems from the fact that natural oils have the hydrocarbon (HC) structures to fit within the mid-distillate fuel product such as diesel and aviation fuel as well as that these processes are optimized for removal of unwanted Sulfur and Oxygen removal. In Corrosion/2023, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model to quantify FFA corrosion as a function of temperature and FFA concentration. This model exploited the similarity of FFA to carboxylic acids, akin to naphthenic acids found in conventional refinery crude unit process streams, especially in case of unsaturated FFA. A key aspect of modeling corrosion for FFA is the inhibitive role of hydrogen in the presence of Iron sulfide species. While natural oils do not contain sulfur compounds, presence of reactive sulfur species such as thiols and sulfides in coprocessing applications provides an easy pathway to provide for the formation of a potentially protective nano barrier layer of FeS. Further, the presence of FeS acts as a catalyst towards dissociation of molecular H2 to atomic H and subsequent reduction of FFA through atomic hydrogen. A threshold H2 partial pressure is required to ensure hydrogen reduction of FFA is kinetically dominant when compared to acid corrosion of Fe. Residence time of acid is another key parameter that will impact propensity for corrosion and / or H2 inhibition and is considered in the development of the prediction model. A framework incorporating the effects of H2 partial pressure, residence time and reactive S concentration is proposed for assessing FFA corrosion for various commonly utilized natural oils in renewable applications.

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Quantifying High Temperature Corrosion in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Product Number: 51323-19457-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Winston Robbins, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In Corrosion/2021, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts simultaneous naphthenic acid and sulfidation (SNAPS) corrosion rates. During Corrosion/2022, we presented the mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of reactive organic sulfur compounds (ROSC) to vessel walls. In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces.

Products tagged with 'crude corrosivity'

51318-11381-Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Prediction Using Jip Model - Evaluation and Validation

Corrosion Challenges in Processing Crude Oils: Influence of Active Sulfur Species and Corrosion Rates of Various Alloys

High Temperature Corrosion Quantification in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Applications

Improved Unit Economics, Crude Blending and Throughput Management Using a Novel High Temperature Corrosion Prediction Framework

Naphthenic Acid Corrosion And Sulfidic Corrosion In Crude Oil Fractions

Quantifying Effect of Hydrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Free Fatty Acid Corrosion in Renewable Diesel Applications

Quantifying High Temperature Corrosion in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Association for Materials Protection and Performance