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Managing internal corrosion on pipeline systems and processing, storage and distribution assets. Strategies for applying this information. Threat assessment. Mitigation. Implementation. Monitoring. 2016 NACE E-Book
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The External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) is formally listed as an acceptable integrity assessment method within Subpart O, Part 192 of the code of federal regulations regarding gas transmission pipeline integrity management2. It is a 4 step continuous improvement process to identify and address locations where external corrosion activity has occurred, is occurring or may occur1. In the pre-assessment phase, a comprehensive right-of-way inspection is performed, and pipeline operability data is collected to verify the feasibility of conducting a full ECDA for the pipeline under evaluation. In the indirect inspection phase, the status of cathodic protection and pipeline coating is tested using methods such as Close Interval Potential Surveys (CIPS) and Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) surveys.
The Santa Ynez Unit (SYU) consists of three offshore platforms and an onshore oil and natural gas processing facility in Goleta, California. The platforms are located between five to nine miles offshore in federal waters. The construction of SYU began in 1976 in the Santa Barbara County in California with the platform Hondo (HO) which, started operations in 1981 to supply the domestic California market.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used as a catalyst in the alkylation process to react isobutane with olefin feeds to manufacture a high octane alkylate product used in gasoline blending. The HF catalyst is added in its anhydrous liquid form (< 400 ppmw H2O) but as it circulates in the reaction system, residual water in the Paper No. 17520 liquid hydrocarbon feed is absorbed by the acid such that the circulating reaction acid builds up a small percentage (0.5 to 2.0 mass%) of water. This water/HF mixture is also referred to as rich HF (RHF). In addition, the alkylation reactions also will generate fluorocarbons and acid soluble oils (ASOs).
According to the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) in Norway, corrosion under insulation (CUI) caused about 50% of all hydrocarbon leaks at onshore plants. In the case of Alberta’s oil sands, CUI has also been observed in thermal operations in above ground assets carrying emulsions, steam, hot water and/or warm water that are externally insulated to ensure safe and energy efficient operations. CUI has also been observed in oil sands mining operations in various piping systems and in tanks and vessels on structural supports and insulated support rings that are frequently in contact with soil or standing groundwater.
Cases illustrating the capability of the multi-electrode array in detecting the initiation and propagation of localized corrosion and coating failure: (i) Monitoring localized corrosion…(ii) Visualizing passivity, its breakdown…(iii) Imagining coating disbondment under overprotection.
This is a print-on-demand (POD) book that will be produced just for you in 2-5 days after your order. It should arrive at your door in about one to two weeks. However, due to supply chain and logistic challenges currently affecting the industry, it may take longer. Allow three weeks for international orders.
MUST HAVE CLASSIC: The objective of the NACE Corrosion Engineer's Reference Book, published in 2016, is to provide scientists, engineers, technologists, and students with useful and important information and data on corrosion investigation and control.
This handbook starts out with a comprehensive glossary that includes standard terminology and acronyms related to corrosion. It also contains more than 325 tables, graphs, and charts.
2016 NACE, 570 pages, 5 x 8" trim size, perfect bound
The use of access fitting for intrusive corrosion monitoring tools is a common practice in the Oil & Gas industry; however, the Company (Petroleum Development Oman) has faced several difficulties including a recent incident during retrieval operations which has led to suspend, or significantly reduced the use of corrosion coupons and probes, decrease the frequency of retrieval, and eliminate its use in new projects.
Over the past decades cost pressure in oil refining has increased, especially in Europe where the consumption of oil products is decreasing over time. Refineries are investigating ways to increase margin and, given that they account for around 80% of total refinery expenditure, reduction of crude oil cost is a key factor. One way of doing this is to purchase cheaper and generally less desirable crude from global markets.