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The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense more than $20 billion annually and accounts for approximately 20% of all maintenance. Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and repairs based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health.
Tralopyril was developed as a marine antifouling agent for use in antifouling coatings. The compound has been registered with the US EPA since 2007. Since then, a range of marine coatings have been developed utilizing tralopyril for control of barnacles and other invertebrate animal fouling organisms, frequently, but not exclusively, in combination with a soft fouling control agent.
Corrosion of carbon steel is the most prominent reason for pipeline failure in a range of industries, from oil and gas transportation to water treatment facilities and nuclear waste storage. Under-deposit corrosion occurs in low fluid flow rate environments, when particulate matter (such as sand and clay) settles on the bottom of transportation pipelines. The presence of deposits results in a diffusion barrier, which significantly alters interfacial solution chemistry compared with that of the bulk.
Although computational methods have been separately developed to predict corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates for metallic structures, challenges remain in implementing a methodology that considers the combined effects. In this work the output from a galvanic model is used to determine the spatial distribution of corrosion damage; providing a guide for the location of discrete corrosion damage features that can be analyzed using stress fields from structural models. In order to build confidence in this approach the galvanic models are validated by comparing predicted results to surface damage measurements from test specimens subject to ambient atmospheric exposure. There was good comparison between the predicted spatial distribution of corrosion damage and the measured surface damage profiles obtained from the galvanic test specimens. Following this exercise novel computational corrosion damage features were developed to represent simplified cracks shapes emanating from corrosion pits. Stress intensity factors (SIF) for these newly developed hybrid pit-crack features were determined and these solutions compared to cases where the pit is assumed to be an equivalent crack. The impact of the local, cavity induced stress field, on the SIF solutions is discussed. Building on these findings a fatigue crack growth simulation was performed using an initial flaw emanating from a hemispherical cavity (corrosion pit) located at the edge of hole in a plate. A reasonable comparison, of the predicted number of crack growth cycles, to available experimental test results was achieved.
Watermain failures are not often recognized as corrosion but are usually referred to merely as “watermain breaks” because watermain pipe appears sound prior to failure. Some of the causes of watermain breaks are poor design, improper installation, surge or water hammer, soil movement, manufacturing defects, impact, internal corrosion, and external corrosion. Figure 1 shows some of the possible causes of the DI pipe.