AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'electrochemical'

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Comparison Of CPT-Values Of UNS N08935, UNS N06625, UNS N06455 And UNS N06985 By Use Of A New Electrochemical Method

Product Number: 51321-16665-SG

Author: Anna Delblanc; Nian Zhou

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion Investigations in Biogas Plants

Product Number: 51315-5878-SG

ISBN: 5878 2015 CP

Author: Ralf Feser

Publication Date: 2015

$0.00

The corrosion processes in biogas power plants investigated. Influence of feeding materials. Long term exposition tests of two stainless steels and galvanized steel. Scanning electron microscopy and metallographic cross sections. Electrochemical measurements. Results. Safety.

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Effect of Pre-pits on Localized Corrosion and Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32205 in Upstream Production Environments

Product Number: 51324-21031-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan; V.T. Aruna; Marc E. Wilms; Navashree Surendran

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Components in upstream Oil and Gas production such as flowlines, storage vessels or injector pipelines which are made of duplex stainless steel UNS S32205 can undergo localized corrosion such as pitting or crevice corrosion when exposed to oxygen during shutdowns or turn arounds. Such unintended exposure to oxygen is related to poor maintenance or improper preservation and would normally require replacement of equipment. Further use of such pitted components can be considered but requires re-assessment of the pre-corroded material. Open-circuit Potential (OCP) and repassivation potentials (Erp) were measured on UNS S32205 in simulated flowline brines containing 150,000 mg/L Cl- at 110oC with pCO2 of 4.1 bara. The effect of pre-pits on bare and girth welded UNS S32205 was determined by creating artificial pits at OCP under oxygenated brine conditions and then switching the gaseous environment to sweet (CO2) conditions with continuous OCP monitoring. It was found that in oxygen-free CO2 production environments, existing pits did not grow. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance of pre-pitted solution annealed UNS S32205 specimens was determined through Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) and Ripple Load Testing (RLT) at 90oC in concentrated chloride solutions. An electrochemical method was applied to create a single pit on the gauge surface. Comparison of SSRT and RLT results showed that SSRT is too aggressive for determining the pH2S limits. RLT of both pristine and pre-pitted UNS S32205 in concentrated chlorides with up to 0.3 bara pH2S did not show rupture, while selective attack of the ferrite phase was found (pit-depth < 30µm). RLT of notched UNS S32205 specimens were compared to that of pre-pitted specimens. Implications of these results on the limits recommended in ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 are discussed.

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Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel With and Without Residual Elements

Product Number: 51320-14245-SG

Author: Suresh Divi, Sri Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Residual elements (RE) in carbon steel, not specifically included in the specified steel, appear to influence the corrosion rate under certain conditions, especially in services involving hydrofluoric acid (HF). The relative proportions of RE, specifically %C, %Ni, %Cu, and %Cr in carbon steel base and weld metals used in refineries, especially in alkylation processes with HF as the catalyst, significantly impact corrosion behavior. Studies described in the literature show corrosion damage with high RE (Cu + Ni + Cr >0.20) components as compared to low RE (Cu + Ni + Cr <0.20) components.

In this study, electrochemical corrosion testing was performed on a 3-inch pipe elbow section with high REs that had developed a through-wall leak in service. Test results were compared to those obtained on a similar pipe elbow section with lower REs. The samples were exposed to 50% HF at room temperature and at 65°C. Linear polarization resistance (LPR) corrosion rates were measured at both temperatures. Potentiodynamic (PD) polarization scans were performed on samples of low and high RE steel exposed to 50% HF at room temperature.

Test results indicated that LPR corrosion rates were higher for the high RE carbon steel samples than for low RE carbon steel samples at both temperatures. PD scans showed that the critical current densities were higher for high RE steel than for low RE steel.

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Evaluating Coatings for Immersion Service via Electrochemical Activity

Product Number: 41215-890-SG

Author: James A. Ellor, Patrick Cassidy

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Industry constantly seeks improved methods to evaluate protective coatings. In immersion service, protective coatings act to reduce electrochemical activity at the metal/coating interface. Tracking this activity via the use of segmented panel testing appears to offer additional insight into coating performance that may aid in coating design and predicting longer-term performance.

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Evaluation of Preferential Weld Corrosion Susceptibility and Its Mitigation in Slightly Sour Conditions

Product Number: 51315-5640-SG

ISBN: 5640 2015 CP

Author: Ray Case

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Preferential Weld Corrosion (PWC) susceptibility was studied in a slightly sour wet gas piping system using electrochemical methods based on the “hockey puck” technique. Several corrosion inhibitors were evaluated to assess their performance in suppressing PWC.

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Forensic Evaluation of Long-Term Galvanic Cathodic Protection of Bridge Pilings in a Marine Environment

Product Number: 51320-14485-SG

Author: Douglas L. Leng, Matthew Duncan, Ivan R. Lasa

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Marine environments can be very aggressive and present significant challenges in maintaining key infrastructure from the effects of corrosion. In Florida, thousands of bridges are in coastal areas and are continually, or periodically exposed to saltwater conditions. A clear majority of these bridges were constructed using steel reinforced concrete and are supported by precast pilings situated in saltwater, so for this reason, cathodic protection is a necessary strategy for controlling the effects of saltwater induced corrosion.

Toward the early 1980s, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) began the evaluation of different approaches to control saltwater induced corrosion. Some of these included the use of integral pile jackets, specialty materials for concrete repairs, surface applied coatings and other innovative approaches utilizing galvanic anode technology. One such system was jointly developed with industry partners and sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) using integral pile jackets lined with expanded zinc mesh anodes to apply cathodic protection. This innovative approach provides for the problem of concrete repair while at the same time stopping the on-going process of corrosion both combined in one application. Both laboratory and field trials validated the benefits to this approach and confirmed that the system can mitigate corrosion and extend the useful service life of pilings by more than 20 years.

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Lab Performance Testing on Corrosion Inhibitors Under Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Conditions

Product Number: 51317--9474-SG

ISBN: 9474 2017 CP

Author: Larry Chen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper discusses the design philosophy for corrosion inhibitors used for carbon capture, transportation, and storage and the performance testing using rotating cylinder autoclave (RCA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods under CO2 supercritical conditions.

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Mechanical Tests on a Vintage API 5L Grade X52 Linepipe Steel under Gaseous and Cathodic H2 Environment

Product Number: 51324-20904-SG

Author: M. Palombo; F. Recanzone; D. Morando; I. Milano; F. Catalano

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In this period of transition, attention to the environment and clean sources of energy are topics that are acquiring increasing interest. With particular reference to the energy industry, hydrogen is becoming the ideal candidate for the replacement of fossil fuels. The distribution of hydrogen is forced to be conducted through the usage of the existing net of pipelines; therefore, using pipes fabricated in different periods (from 1970 up to present). This means, the prediction of the behavior of the pipeline steel under H2 charging (gaseous or cathodic) is not easy and requires a big specific effort to be performed. Therefore, in this work a vintage API 5L grade X52 pipe fabricated in 1970 was characterized both under cathodic and gaseous hydrogen environment; a comparison between mechanical tests with in situ H2 charging was compared with results obtained from KIH test in gaseous hydrogen at 80 bar and a complete picture of the behavior of the material was obtained. Furthermore, the results obtained from slow strain rate tests on notched specimens up to 1500 bar are presented and discussed.

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NACE Publication 01101-2018-SG, Electrochemical Chloride Extraction from Steel-Reinforced Concrete -A State-of-the-Art Report

Product Number: 24214-SG

ISBN: 1-57590-386-5

$109.00

This report is intended for use by engineers attempting to protect corroding reinforced concrete structures by the use of electrochemical treatment techniques. The information presented in this report is limited to ECE for atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete.

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NACE Publication 01104-2004, Electrochemical Realkalization of Steel-Reinforced Concrete—A State-of-the-Art Report

Product Number: 24223-HD2004

ISBN: 01104

Publication Date: 2004

$179.00

DOWNLOADABLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENT - Electrochemical realkalization (ER) for conventionally reinforced concrete structures. Common industry practices for the application of ER. Part II of 2. Part I (Item 24214) is on electrochemical chloride extraction.

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NACE Publication 31014-2014-SG, "Field Monitoring of Corrosion Rates in Oil and Gas Production Environments Using Electrochemical Techniques"

Product Number: 24258- SG

$109.00

Products tagged with 'electrochemical'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance