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This paper describes the cracking failure of a UNS S30403 (304L) stainless steel 72% heavy black liquor storage tank at a Canadian bleached kraft pulp mill.
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Our laboratory has investigated the causes of degradation of structural components of these gasifiers. In all cases, the likely causes of degradation have been determined and alternate materials identified.
This study used a synthetic solution to simulate weak black liquor environments (5 g/L sodium hydroxide and 20 g/L sodium sulphide) at 160°C to perform laboratory experiments.
Over the past decade, serious environmental concerns induced by fossil fuelproduction/combustion and increasing daily demand on energy supply have stimulated intensive research to develop reliable and sustainable energy supply and production technologies. Among the identified alternatives, raw biomass materials, such as food residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms and households, have been widely recognized as one of the most promising resources due to their environmental-friendly and renewable nature. It is estimated that the annual global primary production of biomass can be equivalent to the 4,500 EJ of solar energy captured per year.