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Governments and energy companies are increasingly looking at hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels, and it is considered that without hydrogen the world cannot aim to be a net zero carbon economy by 2050. Consequently, hydrogen is currently enjoying unprecedented political and business momentum, with the number of policies and projects around the world expanding rapidly. Combustion of hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, particulates, sulfur oxides or ground level ozone. Thus, hydrogen offers ways to decarbonize a range of sectors, as well as help improve air quality and strengthen energy security.
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HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. This technical committee report describes the major thermal spray coatings used in the oil and gas production industry. These coatings include a variety of metallic, ceramic, and cermet materials applied as relatively thin overlays on metallic substrates (components). No attempt is made to be all-inclusive in the coverage of process variants.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for engineers, designers and consultants involved in the design, maintenance, and rehabilitation of underground petroleum (including gas, crude oil, and refinery products) pipelines.
CP coupons have been used since the 1930s by several of the pioneers of the corrosion-control industry, both in North America and in Europe. Over the last two decades, the use of CP coupons has been rediscovered as a practical method to determine the level of polarization of a buried structure and to confirm the voltage drop in a potential measurement. Acceptance of CP coupon technology is slowly occurring. Research sponsored by the pipeline industry has explored the use of CP coupons and has helped validate the use of this technology.
This AMPP standard practice presents guidelines for establishing minimum requirements to ensure proper material selection, application, and inspection of pipeline liquid coatings used for the repair and rehabilitation of previously coated, buried steel pipelines and for coating the external surfaces of field joints on newly constructed, buried steel pipe. This standard addresses the required properties, application recommendations, and quality control testing for field-applied liquid coating using various chemistries on buried steel pipelines. Examples of currently used chemistries for field-applied liquid coatings include epoxies, polyurethanes, and vinyl esters. This standard is intended for use by corrosion control personnel, design engineers, project managers, suppliers, purchasers, and construction engineers and managers.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. This Standard Practice provides the most current technology and industry practices for material requirements and the use of tape coatings for external mainline coating, coating repair, coating rehabilitation, and coating weld joints on buried metal pipelines.
This standard practice provides the material characteristics, minimum system performance requirements, application methods, handling, shipping, and installation procedures for tape coatings for the prevention of external corrosion of underground or submerged pipelines. This standard is applicable to both carbon steel (CS) pipe and ductile iron (DI) pipe when the application of a tape coating system is desirable. This standard is intended for use by coating applicators, engineers, and pipeline owners as a guide to specifying application parameters.
The tape coatings covered in this standard are used as the external corrosion protection for new and existing pipes, girth welds, and fittings, and for repair and rehabilitation. The primary function of these tape coating systems is to pre- vent corrosion of the pipeline when used with or without cathodic protection (CP).
This standard practice provides guidance on selecting and implementing the Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) methods (i.e., technologies and processes) to assess and to mitigate threats to pipeline integrity. Predominant threats to pipeline integrity are external corrosion (EC), internal corrosion (IC), stress corrosion cracking (SCC), mechanical damage (first, second, and third party or vandalism), equipment malfunctioning, manufacturing anomalies, construction anomalies, incorrect operations, weather-related, and external forces. The standard is focused on the “selection” and “implementation” of methods and best practices to manage pipeline integrity, but not necessarily on defining all aspects of PIM programs.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Methodology for applying the internal corrosion direct assessment (ICDA) process for multiphase flow onshore and offshore pipeline systems.
This standard practice outlines a methodology to assess pipeline integrity because of the threat internal corrosion in on- shore and offshore pipelines and other piping systems that normally carry multiphase fluids (gas, water, and oil) termed multiphase flow internal corrosion direct assessment (MP-ICDA). Liquid separators (drips), compressing stations, vessels, and other equipment not related to pipelines are not included in this standard. This standard applies to pipelines, and piping systems both onshore and offshore, containing carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxygen (O2), and other corrosive species. Additionally, this standard applies to pipelines that continuously contain a liquid phase (water and condensate and/or oil and/or petroleum compounds), a possible solids content of various mineral scales, biofilms, or corrosion product compounds, and a continuous gas phase with fluid conditions that are not specifically covered by NACE SP0110 for wet gas internal corrosion direct assessment (WG-ICDA). Additionally, solids may be included as a phase by itself and may also be included in multiphase flow analysis of fluid streams
This standard practice provides the material characteristics, application methods, and handling, shipping, and installation procedures for polyolefin resin coating systems extruded over adhesives for the prevention of external corrosion of underground or submerged pipelines. This standard applies to both carbon steel (CS) pipe and ductile iron (DI) pipe when the application of extruded external coatings is described. This standard is intended for use by coating applicators, engineers, and pipeline owners as a guide to specifying application parameters.
Provides a procedure for electrical detection of minute discontinuities in coating systems that are liquid-applied to conductive substrates other than pipelines.