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Ferric chloride corrosion testing has been used to detect the presence of deleterious intermetallic phases and non-metallic precipitates in duplex stainless steels, such as sigma, Chi and chromium nitrides, for several decades. These corrosion tests are normally specified alongside metallographic assessment and impact testing as combined measures to demonstrate that these materials have been processed and heat treated in a satisfactory manner and exhibit suitable microstructures which should give the required mechanical and corrosion (and cracking) resistance.
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Due to the strength, ductility, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and especially the coefficient of thermal expansion, which is between stainless steel and low alloy steel, Ni-based alloys are used as weld metals in BWR and ABWR internals. Ni-based alloys with high chromium (Cr) concentration, such as Alloy 52 (Cr: 28-31.5 wt.%), Alloy 52i (Cr: 26-28 wt.%) and so on are expected to have higher SCC resistance than 182 (Cr: 13-17 wt.%) and Alloy 82 (Cr: 18-22 wt.%) in BWR environment.
In this paper, a new concept named CP by distributed sacrificial anodes (DSA) is presented. The main principle of CP by DSA is to convert cathode area to anode area by distributing anode mass over the surface of the equipment to be protected.
In pipeline corrosion management practice, one challenge is how to locate the most corrosive area along the right-of-way of an existing pipeline. Pipeline networks are complex systems containing different grades of multiphase crude oil coming from dissimilar reservoirs, which results in fluids having dissimilar chemical and physical properties along each network. The fluid starts flowing into a pipeline at a certain pressure, temperature, and associated velocity.
Departmant of Defense Specifications/standards for the prevention and control of corrosion in the aerospace field.
PA2 was initially developed when the only instruments available were the Banana gauge and basic analogue and digital DFT gauges. Gauges now have memory, limits and scanning technology amongst other features. Scanning technology in DFT measurement has been available for some time now, but only recently has work begun on the standards to incorporate this technology.
The use of passive intumescent fireproofing solutions to meet life & safety goals for commercial structures continues to grow in number annually. More often facility owners are required to incorporate fire proofing protection for up to three hours in order to assure the safe departure of individuals inside the given building in the event of an emergency.
High-strength low-alloy steel bar stocks with 110ksi (758MPa) and 125ksi (862MPa) specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) are in demand for temporary and permanent downhole tools for sour service. NACE MR0175/ISO15156 currently allows the use of low-alloy steel bar stocks without any environmental restrictions up to 22HRC, which, by most specifications, corresponds to 80ksi (552MPa) SMYS. At higher SMYS, and with exclusions of API and proprietary sour tubular grades, NACE MR0175/ISO15156 does not address solid bar stocks, a gap and opportunity addressed by this investigation. Specifically, in this paper, the sulfide-stress cracking (SSC) of commercial UNS G41xxx (41xx) alloys, including 41xxMod (i.e., carefully selected or mill modified) is investigated following a series of NACE TM0177 Method A tests in either Solution B or A (NACE Region 3). Domain diagrams for 41xx alloys are disclosed, all demonstrating that 41xx solid bar stocks are SSC resistant above 150°F (66°C) when under a new and improved specification. When SMYS is raised to 125ksi (862MPa) with 34HRC max, a safe minimum temperature of 175°F (79.5°C) is confirmed for hollow bars, well in line with current NACE MR0175/ISO15156. The metallurgical and hardness requirements of 41xx alloys are also briefly discussed, along with opportunities for further modifications of 41xx bar stocks.
The hot-dip galvanizing on steel components is a very reactive material that is often given a surface treatment to inhibit oxidation from exposure to moisture and other constituents in the atmosphere. These treatments are referred to as “passivation treatments” and are applied to the zinc surfaces during the quenching process or soon after and before the surfaces begin to oxidize.