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This paper discusses the corrosion mitigation strategy for protecting the submerged sections of a monopile wind turbine structure off the east coast of England in UK waters.
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A case study of a major CP system operating in Australia for 15 years and proposal of a series of changes to current practices which can be considered for implementation in the design, installation and monitoring stages of new impressed current cathodic protection systems in concrete.
Both cast (UNS N08151) and wrought (UNS N08810/N08811) metallurgies have been used for outlet components. The microstructural features responsible for material performance, the various microstructural alterations occurring in service are reviewed as are the impact on serviceability and on, repair weldability and examples of failures.
Fatigue and fracture of line pipe steels in a sour inhibited environment is presented. Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) was investigated as a function of frequency at several different K values at a pH of 3.5 and 0.21psia (0.00144MPa) H2S.
Materials qualification testing of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) typically involves the use of simple pass/fail tests. Modification of existing standards is recommended for environments in which pit initiation is statistically improbable but pit propagation is rapid, e.g. low chloride/high H2S.
A powerful way to study hydrogen embrittlement at a local scale is by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM). This technique by measuring the surface potential at the nanometer scale allows the detection and localization of hydrogen in the alloy.
A review of research work in the literature to date for both laboratory and field evaluations, toward identifying technically relevant situations where the use of sacrificial anodes may or may not be a practical option for reinforcement protection in concrete structures.
This paper provides an overview of the risk assessment methodology and how it is applied to assess and monitor the risks in conjunction with a rigorous corrosion monitoring program comprising of multiple ultrasonic sensor placements. Various case studies are presented.
Thin film electrolyte electrochemical tests have been conducted using a segmented, multi electrode sensor with an artificial crevice to quantify the interaction of crack tip and crack mouth during cyclic atmospheric corrosion tests.
This paper will present two case studies of pre-mature failure of process equipment in seawater service which will illustrate the influence of metallurgical structure on the service performance of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze in marine environments.
Water wall tubes from boiler operating for 14 years were subject to repeated failures ranging from pinholes to cracks and ruptures. A failure analysis on a received tube was carried out including destructive and non-destructive testing.
Results are described of sigma phase embrittlement assessments performed at three different refineries and mainly involving regenerator cyclones at fluidized catalytic cracking units (FCCU) but also including regenerator cyclones hanger rods and a regenerator flue gas line.