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This paper describes the formation of a mackinawite scale on carbon steel in a borate buffer pH = 8.4. Then, it was exposed to different buffers with lower pH. The integrity of the scale and the corrosion occurring underneath was monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
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Requirements for corrosion protection for new large offshore wind farms are extended to 25 years’ maintenance-free service lifetime. Therefore, ISO 12944 is being updated. To bring down construction cost for offshore wind, initiatives have been taken to industrialize the coating application process and use standard components.
How deep is too deep to run a successful indirect inspection of Horizontally Directionally Drilled (HDD) installed pipelines and still have valid results? Real world examples of indirection inspections at various depths. Alternate methods for inspection. Suggested indirect inspection criteria.
Magnesium (Mg) for biodegradable medical implant devices are limited by fast degradation rates of Mg. The study presents alloy design and thermomechancial processing to optimize mechanical and biological properties of a new proprietary Mg alloy. Corrosion profiles were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Experiments were done with two levels of electrode diameters. Average localized corrosion rates and maximum pit-depths were monitored over time. Coupons of 17-4PH and GTD450 stainless steels were placed in the same environment to compare the results with that of CMEAS probes.
We will review the class of epoxies that can be classified as Ultra-high temperature epoxies that can be put in service at above 150 C. The topics in this paper will include the technological issues associated with ultra-high temperature epoxy systems.
An analytical method using fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed to measure inhibitor concentration. It enables dye transfer methods and promises a greater degree of accuracy. The procedure can be performed in the laboratory or at the well site, and individual analysis can be done quickly.
In this study, two electrochemical techniques were used to characterize corrosion behavior of 17-4 PH stainless steel (UNS S17400), Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) and Ti-6Al-4V (UNS R56400) produced by power bed fusion process at different spatial scale.
Evaluation of sheet and foil samples of two Cr2O3- and two Al2O3-forming alloys - tested for 360 days in air + 10 vol. % H2O at 760oC and 871oC. Alloys were ranked on weight change behavior and metal recession measurements, average internal penetration, and maximum internal penetration.
Nuclear steam generators (SG) are subject to the accumulation of corrosion product deposits on heated tube surfaces and other internal components. In the past 15 years, processes to periodically remove only a fraction of the deposit inventory have been developed that save time, money and effort.
Comparison of 16s ribosomal DNA sequence can show evolutionary relatedness among microorganisms. In this study, 16s rDNA was employed to maximize the population identification of 40 cooling tower samples. This shows that a wide variety of biocides are needed to address microbial populations.
Transmission substation structure component design / construction and corrosion risk factors, details on inspection findings / evaluations and mitigating actions, recommended actions for future integrity assessments, and recommended structure design and surveillance practices to optimize lessons learned.