AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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The Development of Steel Preparation Technology

Product Number: 51220-282-SG

Author: Kenneth E. Rossy

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The intent of this presentation will be to briefly analyze the evolution of the steel surface preparation market by focusing on three common methods for steel surface preparation used today (i.e., dry abrasive blasting, wet abrasive blasting and ultra-high-pressure blasting (UHP)) and the effects of water and additives on cleanliness, degree of surface preparation, coating integrity and coating adhesion. This presentation will include test results comparing the effects and results of different forms of surface preparation and the resulting coating application characteristics.

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The Development of Sulfur Solvent/Corrosion Inhibitor Product for Extremely Aggressive Sour Environm

Product Number: 51316-7783-SG

ISBN: 7783 2016 CP

Author: Haitao Fang

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

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The Downfalls of Coating Specifications

Product Number: 41216-947-SG

Author: Laura Blechl

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Proactive solutions to avoid “the blame game” with specification responsibility.

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The Edgy Truth About Corrosion - How Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) are Redefining Edge Protection

Product Number: 51220-251-SG

Author: Joe Davis

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper will outline the results of using CNTs in liquid applied coatings, resulting in the elimination of secondary surface preparation steps such as grinding, chamfering, and rounding of edges as well as eliminating the need to apply a stripe coat. The overall impact realized from the elimination of these process steps include, increased productivity, increased throughput, improved edge coating performance, and substantial lowering of project costs.

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The Effect of CO2 Partial Pressure on the Formation and Protective Characteristics of Iron Carbonate Corrosion Products

Product Number: 51324-20666-SG

Author: Amber Sykes; Robert Jacklin; Danny Burkle; Richard C. Woollam; Joshua Owen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure on the rate of formation and the protective characteristics of iron carbonate (FeCO3) corrosion product layers on X65 carbon steel in aqueous systems. Autoclave corrosion tests were performed at 80 °C in CO2-saturated 3 wt.% sodium chloride solution at partial pressures from 5.5 to 15.5 bar. Linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical methods were utilized to provide insight into the stages of corrosion product layer development. Analysis of the electrochemical response under each condition revealed key, distinguishable stages associated with the development of an FeCO3 layer as its role transitions from predominantly blocking steel active sites, to ultimately providing additional corrosion suppression through formation of a diffusion barrier. It was found that at higher CO2 partial pressures, the onset of diffusion control was accelerated, but the overall corrosion rate was greater than at lower pressures.

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The Effect of Crack Start Positions on NACE TM0177 DCB Elastic Compliance

Product Number: 51319-12842-SG

Author: Jun Nakamura

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test method standardized in ANSI NACE TM0177 is increasingly applied as a quality assurance test to specify the performance of carbon and low alloy steels for sour service. The DCB test method has been modified and specified tightly from the view point of specimen geometry test environment and initial stress intensity factor controlled by arm displacement to obtain highly repeatable test results.NACE TM0177 2016 method D has various types of starter notch configurations on DCB specimens. Crack start position shifted change specimen of EDM notch has been in accordance with NACE TM0177 since 2016 and the distance from a pin hole to a crack starter has been different.Previous research the influence of crack starter position on K1SSC has been revealed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and DCB tests. In this paper in order to clarify the applicability of compliance curve in TM0177-2016 and propose the new compliance curves FEA and experimental approach was performed. K1SSC of DCB tests should be evaluated in the same crack start positions from the view point of a fracture mechanics.

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The Effect of Different Polyaniline Types in Silicon Dioxide Containing Coatings for Carbon Steel Protection in Artificial Geothermal Brines

Product Number: 51319-13121-SG

Author: Gabriela Aristia

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Carbon steel is non-resistant to uniform and pitting corrosion in geothermal brines and high alloyed materials which exhibit excellent performance are relatively costly. Coating systems become an alternative to protect carbon steel from corrosion in the geothermal environment. In this research a coating system consisting of polyaniline and silicon dioxide was optimized by investigating differently synthesized polyaniline types in the coating regarding their protective effect on carbon steel. SEM images of the phosphoric acid and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid doped polyaniline showed different morphology which suggested different physical and chemical properties. The geothermal brine found in Indonesia was simulated by an artificial solution with pH 4 containing 1500 mg/l Cl- 20 mg/l SO42- 15 mg/l HCO3- 200 mg/l Ca2+ 250 mg/l K+ and 600 mg/l Na+. Evaluation of the coating system was performed by surface analysis of the exposed specimens and electrochemical tests i.e. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) at 150 °C with 1 MPa pressure. Visual assessment of exposed specimens with single component addition into coatings (polyaniline or silicon dioxide) showed that coatings underwent degradation. Therefore a combination of pigments addition was investigated in the tested geothermal brine to observe the improvement of corrosion protection.Key words: geothermal coating polyaniline corrosion

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The Effect of Dissolved Calcium on Sour Corrosion

Product Number: 51323-19060-SG

Author: Jon Kvarekvål, Gaute Svenningsen, Marion Seiersten

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A large part of the remaining natural gas reserves worldwide is sour, i.e. H2S-containing. Many oil and gas fields, especially in North America, Central Asia and the Middle East, are highly sour with an H2S fraction of several percent. Internal corrosion in sour environments is associated with a high risk of severe localized corrosion attacks.

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The Effect of Extender Pigments on Corrosion Resistance and Gloss Retention of Topcoats

Product Number: 51324-20969-SG

Author: Donald C. Lawson

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study evaluates the gloss retention and corrosion resistance of different particle sized extender pigments via dispersion with various milling techniques. We examined high speed dispersion, planetary mixing, and media milling. Gloss retention and corrosion resistance were measured after accelerated testing methods that included cyclic salt fog with UV exposure (ASTM D5894) and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) over steel and aluminum substrates. The dispersion blends were incorporated in a solvent-borne fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) resin and evaluated against commercially obtained high performance topcoats

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The Effect of Four Commercially Available Steel Decontamination Processes on the Performance of Internal Linings

Product Number: 41215-911-SG

Author: Michael Melancon, Paul Hunter, Amal Al-Borno, Tomasz Liskiewicz, Sherry Rao, Bassem Salamah, Shailesh Dhoke, Steve Hourcade, Julius Cortes, Xianyi Chen

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Internal linings used for corrosion protection often have to perform under severely corrosive environments. One major concern regarding coating performance is the negative effect of soluble salts on the steel substrate at the time of lining application, particularly for higher temperature lining applications. These salts impact the ability of the applied coating systems to protect the steel in several ways including osmotic coating blistering, promotion of under-film metallic corrosion and lining disbondment.

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The Effect of H2S Consumption on SSC Susceptibility of High Strength Wire Grades for Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51319-13483-SG

Author: Merlin Bandeira

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Flexible pipes are widely used in offshore installations especially in Brazil to produce and export oil and gas. In order to guarantee safety operation in pre-salt fields without super estimate the field corrosiveness many efforts are dedicate to study the actual H2S concentration in the pipe annulus. The data presented in the literature point to a considerably lower H2S concentrations than those predicted based on traditional annulus permeation models. The consequences of these studies have direct impact on flexible pipes design suggesting the possibility to use lighter lower cost with good performance structures. However to specify correctly the armor wires is crucial to evaluate the corrosion resistance on annulus condition especially the stress corrosion cracking. The present study goal is to evaluate the corrosion performance of a range of flexible pipes armor wires considering susceptibility of SCC and HIC on laboratory simulated annulus condition. The laboratory tests were conceived to measure and compare pH H2S and Fe2+ concentration during the whole test period. The H2S flowrate was constant at 4 mL/min. All experiments were carried out at 30 oC 0.1 MPa using a gas mixture with 1% H2S in CO2. It was also controlled the ratio of liquid phase (synthetic seawater) and steel surface area (0.7 mL/cm2). The studied flow rate was 10-6 mL/min/cm2. A blank test without steel wires revealed that pH was stable at 4.9 and the maximal H2S concentration recorded was 20 ppm both after 150 h of test. On test simulating the annulus condition the pH was around 6.1 from 20 h of immersion until the end of the test (2000 h). The H2S concentration was always lower than 1 ppm and the Fe2+ concentration increased with immersion time up to 1200 ppm. Among the three high strength wire grades tested by four point bend test only one was susceptible to SCC under the conditions tested. Further studies will be presented concerning the HIC and microstructure influence on corrosion performance. The aim of this test program is to provide technical data to support future modifications on flexible pipe design with guarantee of good corrosion performance of armor wires.

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The Effect of Halides on SCC Susceptibility of Carbon Steels Used in Nuclear Waste Tanks

Product Number: 51323-18830-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, S. Chawla, J. Gerst, J.A. Beavers, J.S. Page, C.L. Girardot, S.T. Campbell, N. Sridhar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Hanford Nuclear Reservation contains radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes arising mostly from weapons production, beginning with World War II and continuing through the Cold War. The wastes are stored in 177 carbon steel underground storage tanks, of which 149 are single-shell tanks (SSTs) and the remaining are double-shell tanks (DSTs). The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection is responsible for retrieving the tank wastes, treating them in order to encapsulate them in glass logs, and then permanently closing the tanks and associated facilities.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance