AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitor Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics in Aqueous CO2-Containing Environments

Product Number: 51324-20915-SG

Author: Ryan Abou-Shakra; Joshua Owen; Richard C. Woollam; Richard Barker; William H. Durnie

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion inhibitors are commonly employed to internally protect carbon steel pipelines in aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated environments, such as those encountered in oil and gas production and geothermal operation. However, unexpected events can occur that lead to periods where corrosion inhibitor addition ceases completely, or the quantity of inhibitor added falls short of the typical concentration required for the desired level of corrosion mitigation. In these instances of interruption, there is a limited understanding of the inhibitor surface residence time, or ‘persistency’, and the associated effects on the corrosion rate of carbon steel. This study examines the influence of the substrate surface condition and inhibitor concentration on the persistency of benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BAC-C14) corrosion inhibitor in a CO2-saturated 1 wt.% NaCl brine at 30°C. An electrochemical rotating cylinder electrode (operating at 1000 rpm) coupled with a dilution process was used to simulate persistency. Experimental results using carbon steel at 0.75x and 1x of the surfactant critical micelle concentration (CMC) showed that inhibitor efficiency and persistency improved markedly at the higher concentration. Supplementary experiments using pure iron illustrated an even stronger interaction between inhibitor and substrate, resulting in BAC-C14 failing to desorb after three days of exposure to uninhibited brine. A first-order kinetic model was assessed in its ability to predict the desorption response after dilution, based on fitting to the inhibitor adsorption response. Whilst a strong agreement was obtained between the theoretical desorption profile and experimental desorption data at 0.75xCMC on carbon steel, the model failed to predict the responses at CMC, as well as those on the pure iron substrate, necessitating consideration of other models.

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Survey on Crude Unit Overhead Corrosion Control Practices

Product Number: 51319-13109-SG

Author: Kathleen Armistead Wills

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

This paper summarizes the survey results on crude unit overhead corrosion control practices. The survey was conducted by TG 342 which was assigned to update NACE publication 34109 “Crude Distillation Unit – Distillation Tower Overhead System Corrosion”. As part of the survey refiners provided responses about their respective chemical injection and monitoring practices. The survey focused mainly on atmospheric towers and included the following topics: overhead water wash caustic addition desalter acidification filming/corrosion inhibitor and neutralizer injection salt point and water dew point sampling and corrosion control performance. With respect to vacuum towers overhead pH control is also discussed. This paper presents summary statistics of the responses for each of these topics and is intended to give the reader a more comprehensive insight into general practices that are being employed across the industry.

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Susceptibility of martensitic stainless steels to hydrogen embrittlement

Product Number: 51323-19273-SG

Author: Lütfi Ekmekci, Merlin Seifert, Clara Herrera

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A decarbonized energy system is underway worldwide. The Paris Agreement goal is to keep global warming “below 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to pursue effort to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.” To achieve this long-term temperature goal, big changes are needed in the ways energy is produced, distributed and storage.

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Susceptibility of Plasma Nitrided 17-4 PH to Sulphide Stress Cracking in H2S-Containing Environments

Product Number: 51317--9342-SG

ISBN: 9342 2017 CP

Author: Mario Coseglio

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The stainless steel 17-4 PH (H1150D) is a cost-effective alloy for oilfield components due to its combination of high strength, toughness, and good corrosion resistance. Plasma nitriding improves the surface strength of the 17-4 PH and this work suggests that the nitrided can the resistance to SSC.

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Susceptibility of Selected Steel Grades to Hydrogen Embrittlement – Simulating Field Conditions by P

Product Number: 51319-13402-SG

Author: Anton Trautmann

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The technical suitability of the steel grades L80 and 42CrMo4 (UNS G41400) for the application in an underground gas production facility is investigated. Therefore the materials are tested with respect to their susceptibility to embrittlement by hydrogen gas up to a maximum H2-partial pressure of 20 bar by means of constant load tests (CLTs) and immersion tests with subsequent hydrogen analysis.The tests are carried out within a specially developed and constructed autoclave setup which enables rotation and heating of the vessels. Each autoclave holds 3 specimens: a coupon for measuring the weight loss an immersion specimen for hydrogen analysis and a small tensile specimen under constant load (CLT).Tests are done under realistic field conditions and hence samples are periodically wetted by the aqueous part of the test medium which contains chloride in a concentration of 15000mg/l. The gaseous part of the medium consists of H2 and/or CO2. Tests are performed with or without a corrosion inhibitor and last 30 days. In general the examined steel grades show a good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement but application limits are presented.

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Susceptibility Study of Common Regulator Alloys to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51324-20893-SG

Author: Gerardo Gamboa; Ali Babakr; Jim Griffin; Marcus L. Young

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Introducing hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline network has been proposed as a way of decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) effects from the combustion of natural gas. However, hydrogen is known to degrade the strength of many alloys through hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Therefore, it is important to carefully define the maximum allowable pressure hydrogen concentration for each alloy to avoid detrimental effects to the material. In this study, hydrogen testing was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility of selected alloys to hydrogen embrittlement via controlled exposure to methane gas blended with different hydrogen concentrations and at different pressures. In addition, a diffusible hydrogen test was carried out to identify the amount of solid solution hydrogen in the samples. The alloys were representative of common regulator materials used in gas pipeline products. Tensile samples with a highly polished surface were tested under five different environments: 1.6 MPa (16 bar) of 10% and 50% hydrogen gas mixture, and 10 MPa (100 bar) of 10%, 30%, and 50% hydrogen gas mixture after soaking between 2 days and 5 weeks. Tests on control samples were performed in ambient environment. The results from this study provide insight into the effects of hydrogen on various alloys under five different environments and indicate which alloys performed best under a given environment.

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Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Engineering Steels with Martensitic Microstructures

Product Number: 51324-20800-SG

Author: Clara Herrera; Merlin Seifert

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Hydrogen emerged as a solution to increasing environmental problems and is becoming an important energy resource. However, hydrogen can deteriorate the mechanical performance of metallic components. This phenomenon is known as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Engineering steels, such as nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels, are widely used in the industry and can be attractive materials for hydrogen applications such as pressure vessels, owing to a good combination of tensile strength (up to 1.1 GPa) and ductility (e.g., 10 % or higher). They can decrease product weight and reduce construction costs. However, as HE susceptibility tends to increase with increasing strength of steels, high-strength steels are susceptible to HE when used in hydrogen gas environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the susceptibility of different engineering steels to hydrogen embrittlement. Three martensitic Cr-Ni-Mo steels were investigated. Slow strain rate tests were performed in gaseous hydrogen at 100 bar (10 MPa) and room temperature. Microstructure characterization and fractography study were carried out. Ni-Cr-Mo steels show a martensitic microstructure with precipitates in quenched and tempered condition. Their YS and UTS are higher than 1000 MPa (145 ksi) and 1100 MPa (159 ksi), respectively. Hydrogen gas degrades the ductility of Cr-Ni-Mo steels considerably, while strength deteriorates slightly. Fractography is characterized by a brittle fracture assisted by hydrogen. Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP) is seen to be the primary failure mechanism in martensitic steels.

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Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of Alloy 718 and Alloy 725 Under Cathodic Polarization

Product Number: 51315-5597-SG

ISBN: 5597 2015 CP

Author: Gaute Stenerud

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

A test project to examine the susceptibility of Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) has been executed. In this project hydrogen charged samples of Alloy 718 and Alloy 725 have been exposed under tensile stress to establish critical stress levels for initiation of HISC.

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Susceptibility to Localized Corrosion Attack and Application Service Envelopes for Ni Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Oil & Gas Production Service Conditions, a Literature Review

Product Number: 51324-20432-SG

Author: Raymundo Case; Lei Zhao; Yuan Ding; Jason Ren; Tim Dunne

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The complex metallurgy associated with the typical Nickel based corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) bring forward the presence of phases which can assist environment-induced cracking. This paper presents a review of the published literature on the fields of localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking to describe the fundamental problems that need to be addressed so reliable environmental service envelopes can be identified for this type of CRA within the oilfield application conditions. The review study indicates that the passive layer instability is associated with the conditions where stress corrosion cracking can occur, hence the systematic study of the effect of the main independent variables (temperature, chloride content and sour gas CO2/H2S ratio and S0) on passivity is critical to understand the application envelopes for these alloys

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Suspended Scaffold for Bridge Access

Product Number: 41212-700-SG

Author: Clint Ramberg

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

This discussion will review case studies from several bridge access projects where suspended scaffolding was used to provide safe, economical access for crews performing inspection, structural repair, demolition, blasting and coating work. Special attention will be paid to advanced project planning, worker safety requirements, unique platform configurations and productivity improving tips.

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Suspension-High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Tio2 Coatings And Their Corrosion Behaviour

Product Number: 51322-17637-SG

Author: Garima Mittal, Imran Bhamji, Alexandre Sabard, Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

With the increased pollution and energy demand, industries are shifting towards cleaner and greener power generation source. Geothermal energy, where energy is derived from the sub-surface of earth, is an excellent and continuous source of energy. Despite having the potential of providing cleaner energy, there is a huge gap between the theoretical potential of geothermal power plants and their practical applications. Some of the major reasons are high power generation cost and poor efficiency of the plant.

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Sustainable Activated Zinc Rich Epoxy Primers with Extended Durability

Product Number: MECC23-20257-SG

Author: Santiago Arias; Jose Fernandes; Raquel Morales; Munzir Khan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Zinc rich primers, both organic and in-organic coatings, are extensively used in the marine and offshore industry. The beneficial effect of zinc-rich primer on the longevity of protective coatings is primarily assumed to be due to a cathodic protection mechanism. During the 60’s and the 70’s zinc rich epoxy primers dominated the market.

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Individual Conference Papers

Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitor Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics in Aqueous CO2-Containing Environments

Survey on Crude Unit Overhead Corrosion Control Practices

Susceptibility of martensitic stainless steels to hydrogen embrittlement

Susceptibility of Plasma Nitrided 17-4 PH to Sulphide Stress Cracking in H2S-Containing Environments

Susceptibility of Selected Steel Grades to Hydrogen Embrittlement – Simulating Field Conditions by P

Susceptibility Study of Common Regulator Alloys to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Engineering Steels with Martensitic Microstructures

Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of Alloy 718 and Alloy 725 Under Cathodic Polarization

Susceptibility to Localized Corrosion Attack and Application Service Envelopes for Ni Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Oil & Gas Production Service Conditions, a Literature Review

Suspended Scaffold for Bridge Access

Suspension-High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Tio2 Coatings And Their Corrosion Behaviour

Sustainable Activated Zinc Rich Epoxy Primers with Extended Durability

Association for Materials Protection and Performance