AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Quality, Changing the Culture in Construction

Product Number: 41205-171-SG

Author: C. William Hames, Jr., Ron Rabine

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

The construction industry has struggled to fully embrace the philosophy of defect prevention rather than detection as a quality objective. Quality is more often discussed in sales presentations and marketing literature than in strategic plans or board meetings. This paper explores quality principles and methodologies employed in the manufacturing industry over the past twenty years that have resulted in measurable performance improvements yet are not adopted by the construction industry.

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Quantification of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Injection Water Pipelines

Product Number: 51317--9343-SG

ISBN: 9343 2017 CP

Author: Uffe Thomsen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

MIC-causing microorganisms were investigated in a 16” diameter and 9.6 km long injection water pipeline. Nitrate was added to the water and pigging debris from the pipeline showed that both sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), nitrate-utilizing bacteria, and methanogens were present in numbers of 105 – 106 cells/g.

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Quantifying Effect of Hydrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Free Fatty Acid Corrosion in Renewable Diesel Applications

Product Number: 51324-20864-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan; Winston Robbins; Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Production of Renewable Diesel (RD) and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) from bio / natural oils has seen significant investment in recent years, stemming from worldwide government mandated need to reduce fossil fuel CO2 emissions. New investments have occurred in retrofitting / adapting existing refinery hydroprocessing infrastructure to process natural oils or coprocess natural oils blended with crudes to produce RD and SAF. This stems from the fact that natural oils have the hydrocarbon (HC) structures to fit within the mid-distillate fuel product such as diesel and aviation fuel as well as that these processes are optimized for removal of unwanted Sulfur and Oxygen removal. In Corrosion/2023, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model to quantify FFA corrosion as a function of temperature and FFA concentration. This model exploited the similarity of FFA to carboxylic acids, akin to naphthenic acids found in conventional refinery crude unit process streams, especially in case of unsaturated FFA. A key aspect of modeling corrosion for FFA is the inhibitive role of hydrogen in the presence of Iron sulfide species. While natural oils do not contain sulfur compounds, presence of reactive sulfur species such as thiols and sulfides in coprocessing applications provides an easy pathway to provide for the formation of a potentially protective nano barrier layer of FeS. Further, the presence of FeS acts as a catalyst towards dissociation of molecular H2 to atomic H and subsequent reduction of FFA through atomic hydrogen. A threshold H2 partial pressure is required to ensure hydrogen reduction of FFA is kinetically dominant when compared to acid corrosion of Fe. Residence time of acid is another key parameter that will impact propensity for corrosion and / or H2 inhibition and is considered in the development of the prediction model. A framework incorporating the effects of H2 partial pressure, residence time and reactive S concentration is proposed for assessing FFA corrosion for various commonly utilized natural oils in renewable applications.

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Quantifying High Temperature Corrosion in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Product Number: 51323-19457-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Winston Robbins, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In Corrosion/2021, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts simultaneous naphthenic acid and sulfidation (SNAPS) corrosion rates. During Corrosion/2022, we presented the mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of reactive organic sulfur compounds (ROSC) to vessel walls. In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces.

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Quantitative Assessment Of Failure Probability Of Underground Natural Gas Storage Wells Using An Integrated Bow-Tie Bayesian Network Approach

Product Number: 51322-17849-SG

Author: Francois Ayello, Narasi Sridhar, Arun Agarwal, Vincent Demay

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Underground natural gas storage (UGS) is an important component of the overall natural gas transportation and distribution system. It enables the utilities to supply natural gas during high seasonal demand periods and store gas during periods of lower demand. There are approximately 627 underground gas storage sites worldwide with a working gas capacity of 319.³ Billion m3 ( about 11.8 Trillion Cubic feet). The U.S. has a total of 414 natural gas storage fields, out of which 25 are inactive.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Oil Field Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory: The First Step for Successful Application of Inhibitors in the Field

Product Number: 51319-12878-SG

Author: Sankara Papavinasam

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Time tested and proven methods to control corrosion are use of appropriate materials coating cathodic protection (CP) and corrosion inhibitors. All these methods must of selected based on rigorous and quantitative evaluation in the laboratory i.e. laboratory evaluation is the first step and it includes:<ol><li>Establishment of appropriate laboratory methodologies </li><li>Establishment of step by step procedures to conduct evaluation using the appropriate laboratory methodologies identified</li><li>Comparison of the test results obtained with standard reference test results (published by Standards making organizations such as NACE International ASTM International and CSA International based on inter-laboratory tests carried out under standard conditions)</li></ol>The above three steps are religiously and routinely carried out in the evaluation of materials coatings and CP and such requirements are incorporated in the regulations. Some common standards used for this purpose are:<ul><li>ISO15151/NACE MRO175 “Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Materials for Use in H2S-Containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production”</li><li>NACE SP169 “Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems” – See Criteria for CP (On-potential OFF-potential and 100-mV criteria)</li><li>CSA Z245.30 “Field-Applied External Coatings for Steel Pipeline Systems” – See for example one acceptance criteria: of cathodic disbondment: 24-hour cathodic disbondment test at 65oC producing less than 6.5 mm radius disbondment.</li></ul>The operators (e.g. laboratory technicians or field technologists) equipment and materials are qualified based on these criteria and these criteria are used as regulatory requirements in various countries. However such quantitative fundamental first step was not religiously followed in the evaluation corrosion inhibitors for oil field application. To address this several standards have been published over the past decade including ASTM G170 G184 G185 G202 G205 and G208 and NACE Technical Report 31215 (Laboratory Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors Used in Oil and Gas Industry) and some standards are being developed including NACE TG 550 “Standard Recommended Practice on Corrosion Inhibition Management for Oil and Gas Fields”.This paper:<ul><li>Presents tools techniques and data currently available to establish quantitative evaluation of corrosion inhibitors in the laboratory</li><li>Deliberates the responsibilities of oil and gas owners/operators tool developers inhibitor supplying companies inhibitor testing laboratories and regulatory body in establishing quantitative evaluation of corrosion inhibitors in the laboratory</li><li>Presents steps to effective and economically control internal corrosion using corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas production transmission storage and distribution environments.</li></ul>

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Quantitative Test Method For Vapor Inhibiting Ability Of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51322-17860-SG

Author: Khalil Abed, Mihad Ibrahim, Leitai Yang

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Metallic corrosion is a natural inevitable phenomenon defined commonly as the deterioration of metals due to reactions with their environments. The global cost of corrosion estimated by NACE in 2013 was found to be $2.5 trillion (USD), which is approximately 3.4% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). The two-year global study released at the CORROSION 2016 conference in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, assessed the economics of corrosion and the role of corrosion management in establishing best practices for the different industrial sectors. It found that implementing corrosion prevention best practices could result in global annual savings of 15-35 % of the cost of damage, which is equivalent to $375-875 billion (USD). These estimations excluded the cost of individual safety and environmental consequences from corrosion. Corrosion mitigation has been extensively researched. The methods of corrosion prevention include, but are not limited to, selection of the right material of construction, coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and cathodic protection.^1,2

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Quest for the “20 Year” Coating

Product Number: 41208-458-SG

Author: Dannie L. Vickers

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

Occasionally, the protective coatings on a structure reach a life span of 20 years. Quite often when this happens, one of the companies involved in the project, either the coating supplier or coating applicator, will publish pictures of the bridge or tank in a trade magazine as if the project was a great achievement. If instead, we accept the premise that most of the resins used to manufacture protective coatings easily remain stable for 20 years, we should ask ourselves the question, “why aren’t all of the coating systems lasting 20 years?”

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Raising the Standard for Bridge Coatings in the State of Florida

Product Number: 41206-224-SG

Author: Karen Byram

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

This presentation discusses how the Florida Department of Transportation has modified and amended its coatings material acceptance policy and contractor coating application requirements to improve corrosion protection of Florida’s transportation infrastructure. The cost saving advantages to the State are estimated to range from $2.3 to 19 million/year

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Raman and FT-IR Based Methodology Development to Assess Flexible Pipelines Pressure Barrier Degradation in Offshore Installations of the Oil and Gas Industry

Product Number: 51323-18997-SG

Author: Elaine F. Silva, Luciene S. Santos, Merlin C. E. Bandeira, Oscar R. Mattos, Nara Guidacci Berry, Sylvia C. S. Teixeira, Antonio H.M.F.T Silva, Erica G. Chaves

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

During operation, due to offshore production environment exposure, the sealing barrier of the flexible pipes can be damaged because of polymer chains degradation. There is great interest in understanding the influence of pressure, temperature, fluid composition, and supercritical CO2 on degradation of flexible pipes sealing barrier materials. Therefore, it is extremely relevant a qualitative study of deleterious effects of each one of the factors mentioned above.

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Rapid Installation of Replacement Connection Plates on the County of Placer/Foresthill Road Bridge - A Novel Engineered Approach to a Unique Set of Challenges

Product Number: 41214-862-SG

Author: Raymond S. Tombaugh, John S. Quincy, Matt Randall

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

The seismic retrofitting of the County of Placer/Foresthill Road Bridge included replacing the gusset plates at the bolted connection points on the structure. Newly fabricated connection plates were prepared in the steel fabrication shop by abrasive blast cleaning and applying an inorganic zinc-rich primer. Existing connection plates were removed and the surfaces beneath abrasive blast cleaned and primed on-site with an organic (epoxy) zinc-rich primer. The connections were slip-critical.

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Rapid Microbial Detection, Quantification and Control

Product Number: 51320-14600-SG

Author: Justin Hutcherson, Mark Reed

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Microbial contamination is a major concern in oil/gas system or industrial water operation where it can result in multiple major corrosion issues and efficiency losses. Chemical treatment is the primary means to control microbial contamination, but due to changes in temperature and water sources, this results in major shifts in the microbial levels and populations which can influence the efficacy of these treatments.

Due to the shifts in the number of bacteria and the change in the dominant microbial species, optimal dosage of biocide is very difficult. Inadequate dosage regimen will result in major losses, whilst excess chemical dosage will incur unnecessary costs whilst also increasing the environmental load. A quick, reliable microbial measurement will help identify critical control points in the process and will allow optimization of dosing of the treatment program.

Agar growth, ATP, and media bottle testing have long been the standard for microbial detection, but these can lack the specificity, sensitivity and response time needed to adequately address the changing conditions in the industrial system described. The molecular-based approach, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), described in this article, provides a near real-time method to measure bioburden, allowing operational decisions to mitigate issues to occur more rapidly.

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Individual Conference Papers

Quality, Changing the Culture in Construction

Quantification of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Injection Water Pipelines

Quantifying Effect of Hydrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Free Fatty Acid Corrosion in Renewable Diesel Applications

Quantifying High Temperature Corrosion in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Quantitative Assessment Of Failure Probability Of Underground Natural Gas Storage Wells Using An Integrated Bow-Tie Bayesian Network Approach

Quantitative Evaluation of Oil Field Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory: The First Step for Successful Application of Inhibitors in the Field

Quantitative Test Method For Vapor Inhibiting Ability Of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors

Quest for the “20 Year” Coating

Raising the Standard for Bridge Coatings in the State of Florida

Raman and FT-IR Based Methodology Development to Assess Flexible Pipelines Pressure Barrier Degradation in Offshore Installations of the Oil and Gas Industry

Rapid Installation of Replacement Connection Plates on the County of Placer/Foresthill Road Bridge - A Novel Engineered Approach to a Unique Set of Challenges

Rapid Microbial Detection, Quantification and Control

Association for Materials Protection and Performance