AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Probabilistic Assessment of Hydrogen Stress Cracking of Steels and CRA in Sour Environments

Product Number: 51324-20409-SG

Author: Narasi Sridhar; Mariano A. Kappes

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Hydrogen Stress Cracking (HSC) of steels and CRA has been studied for a long time and it is recognized that the results have significant variability depending on many factors, including test procedures, material microstructures, and environmental variables. Although the standards used for acceptance of a material for sour service are deterministic, the variabilities in the test data as well as field conditions merit probabilistic treatment. This paper provides a Bayesian network model of HSC that connects the variabilities in material, environment, and loading conditions through mechanistic factors related to hydrogen transport, deformation mode, and strain rate. The model tries to encapsulate the state of knowledge in this area and tests the outcomes in terms of probability of HSC. The sensitivity of the model to input variables is assessed.

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Probabilistic Evaluation of Baffle-Former Bolt Cracking in PWRs

Product Number: 51317--8857-SG

ISBN: 8857 2017 CP

Author: George Licina

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A methodology for evaluating the probability of baffle-former bolt cracking was developed for applicability to presurized water reactors.

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Probabilistic Evaluation of Service Life of Reinforced Concrete Beam Element in Marine Environment

Product Number: 51319-13468-SG

Author: Fujian Tang

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Chloride-induced steel corrosion is one of the main causes of premature deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in marine environment. This study aims to develop a probabilistic model to evaluate the service life of reinforced concrete beam element subjected to chloride-induced corrosion attack. Concrete block specimens containing steel bars were prepared and subjected to accelerated corrosion test. As the corrosion-induced mass loss of steel bars reach different levels ranging from 0% to 30% the tests were terminated. The steel bars were took out of the concrete block and cleaned with a sand blaster and then scanned with a 3D laser scanner at intervals of 1 mm. The distribution of the residual cross-sectional areas of the steel bars was determined and fitted with mixed normal distribution functions due to the presence of pitting corrosion. In addition to describe the spatial variation of the pitting corrosion along the length of steel bars a pitting index R was introduced which is the ratio of the average to the minimum cross-section area of corroded steel bars. Probabilistic analysis showed that the pitting index R could be fitted with the Gumbel distribution function. The probabilistic model of corroded steel bars was then introduced to analyze the carrying capacity of rectangular RC beams and consequently the service life of these beams. The service life of these RC beams was defined as the critical limit state when the actual load effects exceed the resistance at any beam element. Based on Monte Carlo simulation the cumulative probability of failure was calculated and the effect of corrosion on the service life of beam element was evaluated in a probabilistic way.

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Probabilistic Modeling of the Relationship between Concrete Crack Width and Corrosion-Induced Mass Loss of Steel Bar

Product Number: 51319-13283-SG

Author: Fujian Tang

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking generally experiences two stages: initial stage when cracks are developed from the bar until reaching the concrete surface; propagation stage in which cracks connect and widenon the concrete surface. A lot of studies have been conducted & to investigate corrosion-induced concrete cracking. However most of them focused on the initiation stage and less work was done on the propagation stage particularly on the relation between the crack width and the mass loss of steel bars. The relation between the concrete crack width and the mass loss of steel bar is not deterministic due to the variation of environmental parameters such as temperature moisture availability of oxygen and the nonhomogeniety of concrete cover passive film and metallurgical properties of steel bars. Therefore probabilistic method will be more realistic than the deterministic approaches.In this study the relation between concrete crack width and corrosion-induced mass loss of steel bar was studied in a probabilistic way. Concrete block specimens containing steel bars were prepared and subjected to accelerated corrosion test. Three concrete cover thicknesses were considered including 25.4 mm 50.8 mm and 63.5 mm. The accelerated corrosion tests were terminated when the corrosion of steel bar reached to different levels ranging from 0% to 30% mass loss. After & tests the crack width distribution along its length on the concrete cover was measured with a crack meter and the steel bars were took out of the concrete blocks and cleaned with a sand blaster. The cleaned steel bars were scanned with a 3D laser scanner and the residual cross-sectional areas along the length were determined. For a fixed corrosion loss of steel bar the corresponding crack width on the concrete surface was fitted with a probability density function (PDF). Similarly the area loss of steel bars was also fitted with a PDF for a fixed crack with. Probabilistic analysis results showed that normal distribution function best fitted the distribution of both crack width and mass loss of steel bar.& The mean crack width on the concrete surface increases logarithmically with an increase in the corrosion-induced mass loss. For a fixed& corrosion induced mass loss the mean crack width decreased with an increase in the concrete cover thickness.

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Probabilistic Techniques in Corrosion Modelling and Remnant Life Prediction

Product Number: 51324-20902-SG

Author: Navin S; Nicholas Laycock; Wouter Hamer; Valliappan V; Aswin Venugopal

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Virtual Corrosion Engineer (VCE)(1) platform in Shell uses data from online monitoring of industrial plant process conditions as the input to the best available models for the damage mechanisms applicable to the equipment or components of interest. The primary output is then the corrosion rate or susceptibility to failure, displayed on a continuously updated dashboard in real time. However, for furnaces or heat exchangers with hundreds or thousands of tubes, most components of the input data are properly considered as distributions rather than single point value estimates, and hence the remnant life of the tubes is also best represented as a distribution. This paper shows how Monte-Carlo simulation techniques can be used to address this problem and improve the quality of decision making, using practical examples related to creep damage of furnace tubes in service.

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Procedure Proposition using a Compact SENT Geometry for Fracture Toughness Assessment in Sour Environment

Product Number: 51321-16463-SG

Author: Mourad Chekchaki /Christelle Gomes/Javier Alejandro Carreno/Pedro Filgueiras /Camila Finamore /Gabriel Jorge /Luciana Lima /Florian Thebault

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Procedures for Heat Treating Fabricated Equipment of Zirconium Alloys

Product Number: 95251

Author: Richard C. Sutherlin and Teledyne Wah chang

Publication Date: 1995

$20.00

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Process Approach in the Inspection of Plural Component Applied Coatings

Product Number: 41207-360-SG

Author: Mario A. Moreno

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Review of inspection and quality assurance of plural component sprayed protective coatings under the scope of simplified control theory. Review of process concepts and their application in the inspection of coatings and paints.

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Process Development for Mechanistic Corrosion Models: Building, Validating, and Leveraging for Robust Outcomes

Product Number: 51324-20871-SG

Author: Daniel Fingas; Scott McKelvey; Keith Parker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Computer modelling and simulation holds the promise of improved outcomes and more efficient resource allocation. However, attaining these results requires careful consideration of model inputs, robust mechanistic or probabilistic characterizations, delineation of assumptions, validation of outputs versus available data, and the appropriate use of model results. Formalizing these steps is necessary to ensure that checks and balances are implemented transparently and can be audited if necessary. A process has been developed by which a mechanistic corrosion model can be built, validated, and used. The most critical aspect of the process is the validation, by which the model can be tested and shown to be accurate within an acceptable tolerance. Nevertheless, the clear definition of the overall process allows the model to be properly understood, including the necessary context of inputs, assumptions, limitations, and uncertainty. Thus, the process allows the model output to be relied upon for managing risk and maintaining system integrity by both operators and regulators.

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PROFILE OR ROUGHNESS, WHICH IS IT?

Product Number: 51218-090-SG

Author: David Barnes

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper looks at the measurement of both profile and roughness on metal surfaces prepared specifically to receive a coating system in order to protect it from corrosion. The difference between roughness and profile is discussed, whether one is more relevant than the other, and the merits of the different measurement methods for both parameters.

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Progressive Reduction of Corrosion Phenomena in a COG Desulfurization Unit

Product Number: 51317--8940-SG

ISBN: 8940 2017 CP

Author: Takao Ohtsu

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The use and benefits of the EN instrumentation, in combination with process chemistry analyses, were employed to monitor operating conditions in a full-scale Coke Oven Gas (COG) desulfurization process in which the corrosion rate changed with time.

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Project Management: Antennas and Water Tanks Can Co-Exist

Product Number: 41208-464-SG

Author: Daniel J. Zienty

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

Over the years, construction of telecommunication sites on municipal buildings and water storage facilities have become commonplace. Installations and upgrades of telecommunication sites, from the planning phase to activation, can extend over multiple years creating an unpredictable construction season. Careful planning with extreme ambient conditions on either side of the spectrum has become a standard in the industry.

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Individual Conference Papers

Probabilistic Assessment of Hydrogen Stress Cracking of Steels and CRA in Sour Environments

Probabilistic Evaluation of Baffle-Former Bolt Cracking in PWRs

Probabilistic Evaluation of Service Life of Reinforced Concrete Beam Element in Marine Environment

Probabilistic Modeling of the Relationship between Concrete Crack Width and Corrosion-Induced Mass Loss of Steel Bar

Probabilistic Techniques in Corrosion Modelling and Remnant Life Prediction

Procedure Proposition using a Compact SENT Geometry for Fracture Toughness Assessment in Sour Environment

Procedures for Heat Treating Fabricated Equipment of Zirconium Alloys

Process Approach in the Inspection of Plural Component Applied Coatings

Process Development for Mechanistic Corrosion Models: Building, Validating, and Leveraging for Robust Outcomes

PROFILE OR ROUGHNESS, WHICH IS IT?

Progressive Reduction of Corrosion Phenomena in a COG Desulfurization Unit

Project Management: Antennas and Water Tanks Can Co-Exist

Association for Materials Protection and Performance