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51312-01163-Evaluation of Global Cathodic Protection Criteria - Part 1: Criteria and Relevance with Cathodic Pro

Product Number: 51312-01163-SG

ISBN: 01163 2012 CP

Author: Fengmei Song

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

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07276 Evaluating Concrete Resistivity: Reducing Stray Current from DC Streetcars

Product Number: 51300-07276-SG

ISBN: 07276 2007 CP

Author: Jack Tinnea, Ryan Tinnea, Dennis Burke, Les Nelson, Shaunie Cochran, Elizabeth Anderson, and Ly Pham

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

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Biofuels: Lining Systems for a Diverse Array of Sustainably Derived Feedstocks

Product Number: 51323-19061-SG

Author: Mike O’Donoghue, Vijay Datta

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A biofuel can be described as any fuel where bio-based renewables like oils and fats, organic waste, crops like corn or sugar cane, and algae, etc., are used as precursor feedstocks.

Increasingly, the production of biofuels from biomass is very much part of a global impetus for an energy transition to a “carbon neutral” world. The goal is to reduce the carbon footprint and ensure that sustainable energy from bio-based feedstocks realistically lowers reliance on energy produced from fossil fuels.

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51313-02565-A Case Study of Nondestructive Force Main Condition Assessment

Product Number: 51313-02565-SG

ISBN: 02565 2013 CP

Author: Yaofu Zhang

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

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Innovative Inspection Techniques for Worlds Largest Capacity LNG Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51319-13492-SG

Author: Musaed Al-Arada

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Due to increase in global energy demand lot of LNG terminals are constructed worldwide. One such terminal is being constructed in Kuwait which has the worlds largest capacity LNG storage tanks. Effective inspection of storage tank is a challenge and require to increase operational reliability but also reduce maintenance costs. Non-Destructive testing like radiography/X-ray and ultrasonic testing are the common monitoring methods commonly used. This paper describes the application and effective use of such inspection techniques to enhance the reliability of inspection of storage tanks.Keywords : Storage tanks Radiography Ultrasonic Inspection Reliability.

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IR 4.0 Knowledge Technology for Managing Risks Associated with Refining Various Crudes

Product Number: MPWT19-15463

Author: Bilal Abdallah, Maana, Inc.

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Knowledge technology provides energy companies with knowledgeable applications that help them make better decisions faster in all decision points. One such knowledge application (CrudeFlex) is related to supporting the decisions of purchasing certain crudes to be processed in certain refineries through properly evaluating the risks associated with processing such crudes.
In this paper, we discuss the basic concepts of knowledge modeling and how specifically CrudeFlex was developed as a knowledge application, how it works and how rifineries are leveraging it to strengthen their competitive edge and proactively evaluate and manage risks associated with the crudes.
The new generation of knowledge applications are powered by a combination of computational knowledge graphs and computational algorithms. These algorithms encode the expertise of subject-matter experts, such as process engineers and combine their experience with decades of historical data extracted from databases, documents, and sensors in addition to ever-growing corpus of technical research to support better decisions faster. This technology enriches and combines companies’ internal siloed data with public data to create an integrated digital knowledge layer. Engineers can evaluate and manage the risks associated with known processing and new crudes in any of their refineries.
Refining engineers have easy access to knowledge related to people, equipment, vendors, crudes and more, so that they can make better, more informed decisions faster. In this paper, we show how the application of such algorithms helps the reading of hundreds of thousands of historical reports to harvest knowledge about the risks, and store the extracted knowledge in an enterprise digital knowledge layer, saving millions of dollars by enabling experienced engineers to make significantly better decisions faster through using the harvested and captured knowledge.

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Technology from Outter Space to Earth: Silicones as Protective Coatings

Product Number: 41214-864-SG

Author: Mark Vedder, Brain Burkitt, Danielle Peak

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

Compared to other polymeric materials, silicone offers greater performance in harsh environments. Inherently silicone possesses a large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), low modulus, and a low glass transition temperate (Tg). These attributes allow it to maintain elastomeric properties for continuous operation when exposed to extreme heat, cold, and/or UV radiation. Durability is the reason silicone materials are frequently employed as coatings and sealants.

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00138 WELDING NEW STAINLESS STEELS FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Product Number: 51300-00138-SG

ISBN: 00138 2000 CP

Author: T G Gooch

$20.00

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11335 Soil Moisture Control Using Intelligent Single-Well Electro-Osmotic Dewatering Systems

Product Number: 51300-11335-SG

ISBN: 11335 2011 CP

Author: Orange S. Marshall, Sean W. Morefield, Philip G. Malone and Charles A. Weiss

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

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02438 DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SCC PROCESSES

Product Number: 51300-02438-SG

ISBN: 02438 2002 CP

Author: M. Leban, A. Legat, and V. Doleèek

$20.00

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NACE SP0200-2023, Steel-Cased Pipeline Practices

Product Number: NACE SP0200-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

The use of cased carrier pipe for pipelines crossing under highways and railroads has been common practice in the industry. The first cased crossings were made using large-diameter pipe. The carrier pipe was mechanically coupled and pushed through the casing, and the coupling or collars were in direct contact with it. When coatings came into general use, isolating spacers were made of hemp rope saturated with pipe-coating enamel. End seals consisting of either concrete or pipe-coating enamel were poured into each end of the casing. The current practice of installing cased carrier pipe has changed only slightly since the beginning of its use. External loading of the carrier pipe has now been eliminated by the installation of heavy-wall casing pipe, and isolating spacers are used to prevent electrical contact between the casing and the carrier pipe. End seals are used to keep electrolyte (e.g., mud, water) out of the annular space between the carrier pipe and casing.

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Oxidation and Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Several Additively Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloys

Product Number: 51324-21117-SG

Author: Lucas Teeter; Martin Detrois; Kyle Rozman; Chantal K. Sudbrack

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The environmental degradation of additively manufactured Ni-based superalloys (INCONEL® 625 (IN625), Haynes® 282® (H282), and INCONEL® 718 (IN718)), fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) and fully heat-treated, is being screened for hydrogen service in industrial gas turbines. Oxidation experiments in air, on printed and machined surface conditions at 750 °C for 164, 500, and 2,010 hours revealed thicker oxides for printed conditions for IN625 and H282 and thicker oxides for machined conditions for IN718. The chromium oxide that developed was thickest for H282 and showed higher incorporation of Ni/Fe-based oxides for the as-printed surfaces. Ex-situ hydrogen embrittlement was evaluated by electrochemically charging flat test bars for 72hours in 0.1 M H2SO4 + 1 g/L CH4N2S then slow strain rate tensile testing (0.0039 mm/min) at room temperature. All experienced reduction in strain failure of that lead to a hydrogen embrittlement index of 16%, 18%, and 30% for IN625, H282, and IN718, respectively. Oxidation kinetics showed the highest to smallest oxidation rate: H282, IN625, and IN718. The oxidation rates were higher on the as-printed surfaces for H282 and IN625 but lower for IN718. Topographical imaging of the fracture surfaces showed a 30-100 µm deep embrittlement zone at the surface developed during hydrogen charging, but no significant differences between charged and as-received specimens in the center where ductile dimpling behavior is dominate.

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Throughput Optimization for Tank Fabricators

Product Number: 51220-299-SG

Author: Joseph Windover

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Today I am going to share results from a research project on Throughput Optimization (TPO). The focus of which was on a small subset of innovation variables in the overall workflow of a tank fabrication company servicing the oil and gas market. The data subset is based exclusively on protective coatings for the interior and exterior of API 12 Production Storage Tanks.

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99477 TEST PROTOCOL FOR ALUMINUM BASED SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL

Product Number: 51300-99477-SG

ISBN: 99477 1999 CP

Author: J. I. Mickalonis and B. J. Wiersma

$20.00

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00488 APPLICATION OF BOUNDARY ELEMENT MODELS TO PREDICT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUPONS FOR ACCESSING CATHODIC PROTECTION OF BURIED STRUCTURES

Product Number: 51300-00488-SG

ISBN: 00488 2000 CP

Author: Douglas P. Riemer and Mark E. Orazem

$20.00

Available for download

96382 DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE FRAMEWORK FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF AIRCRAFT INSPECTION INFORMATION

Product Number: 51300-96382-SG

ISBN: 96382 1996 CP

Author: P.R. Roberge, L. Grenier

$20.00

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51312-01530-Effectiveness of Cathodic Protection System for buried flow lines near Gathering Centers by using Co

Product Number: 51312-01530-SG

ISBN: 01530 2012 CP

Author: Hasan Sabri

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Available for download

51313-02560-Improving the Durability of Cement Mortar Lined Pipes for Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51313-02560-SG

ISBN: 02560 2013 CP

Author: Marita Berndt

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

Available for download

97138 ALLOY 603 GT - A NEW IMPROVED COBALT-FREE ALLOY FOR GAS TURBINES

Product Number: 51300-97138-SG

ISBN: 97138 1997 CP

Author: U. Brill, D.C. Agarwal

$20.00

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99415 EMISSIONLESS DOUBLE CONTAINMENT HOSE FOR CRITICAL SERVICE APPLICATIONS

Product Number: 51300-99415-SG

ISBN: 99415 1999 CP

Author: Bryan S. Harris

$20.00

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51315-5788-Importance of Coating Integrity Survey of Buried Oil and Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51315-5788-SG

ISBN: 5788 2015 CP

Author: Dare Aloko

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Available for download

51318-10954-A comparison of the structure and consumption rate for Centrifugally cast Anodes compared with die-cast Anodes

Product Number: 51318-10954-SG

Author: Chris D. Jennings

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper will discuss, examine, and conclude on the metallurgical differences and effectiveness between the centrifugal-cast silicon iron tubular anode and Die-cast silicon iron tubular anode based on the research and testing performed and reported by Independent Laboratory Testing.

Available for download

Special Forgings. Technical and Quality Requirements Supplementary to Standard

Product Number: MPWT19-15297

Author: Ricardo Hernández Soto, Abdullah M. Al-Rumaih

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Long weld neck flanges, self-reinforced forged connections (SRCs), forged Y-rings and other special
forgings are widely used in pressure-vessel fabrications for Oil and Gas industry. ASTM(1) A-350 LF2
Class 1 is one of the most common materials specified for these tailor-made components, especially for
SRCs on pressure vessels with toughness requirements, as this material warranties 20 Joules (average
of three specimens) at -46 ºC. However, in recent years there has been growing concern in the industry
as a result of the increasing number of cases of low toughness and low tensile strength issues with
materials certified as ASTM A-350 LF2. This is fostering the definition of additional requirements to the
ASTM to minimize the risk.
The complexity of the metallurgical processes involved in mechanical properties deterioration, where
multiple variables interact, mandates to implement control majors during the fabrication of ASTM A-350
forging materials. This paper introduces some guidelines to enhance the quality control and mechanical
testing reliability in the certification process of special forgings carried out by manufacturers. These
guidelines can be applied to not only to those made of ASTM A-350, but also to ASTM A-266 and ASTM
A-765

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New Frontiers for the Pipeline Integrity Management

Product Number: MPWT19-15016

Author: Matteo Mattioli, Paolo Cherubini, Andrea Baldoni

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The continuous improvements in the Oil&Gas Industry to deal with reliability and maintainability objectives, higher operational reliability, improved safety, and emergency readiness for potential risk of unexpected events have led the Offshore Companies to be in the forefront of development of design and analysis methodology for integrity assessment and safety operation. The architecture of an integrated model targeting the major residual risks to the asset, new generations of internal and external inspection techniques, real-time monitoring sensors, material degradation prediction related to the actual and future operational conditions and machine learning methods are, as identified from the experiences of the authors, the new frontiers for the Pipeline Integrity Management. The advance in automation process to build pipeline digital twin, looking at new predictive and diagnosis tool by advanced FE models allows not only thinking defensively but also in taking an aggressive position toward safety and asset optimization. Plenty of attention was devoted to the 40 years of pipeline integrity assessment through which the engineering assessment takes advantage from inspection and operational data. Suite of services for an integrated solution including ad-hoc engineering and repair system readiness have been identified as the main pillars for best-in-class Operators. Case histories and integrated solution to ensure satisfactory performance and safety have been presented.

Available for download

Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Steel Armour Wires for Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51320-14489-SG

Author: Ellen Synnøve Skilbred, Signe Aarthun Lootz, Roy Johnsen

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Flexible pipes are frequently used both as flowlines and risers in the oil and gas industry. A flexible pipe has a complex structure consisting of layers of polymer and metallic materials. The armor wire layers – shielded with polymer materials from seawater on the outside and well fluid on the inside – are the load and pressure bearing parts. Due to diffusion from the well fluid and/or damage of the outer polymer layer, the annulus can be water-filled, and armor wire can corrode. In this work, the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) with the presence of atomic hydrogen due to cathodic polarization has been investigated for six different tensile armor wire materials. Samples were exposed to Slow Strain Rate testing (SSRT) in 3.5% NaCl solution and cathodic polarization to -1.1 and -1.4 VAg/AgCl at room temperature. Reference samples without hydrogen charging were tested in air for comparison. Stress-strain curves, reduction in area (RA) and the microstructure of the fracture surfaces were investigated. The HE susceptibility tended to increase with the carbon content, strength and hardness and the materials tended to be more brittle when charged to -1.4 VAg/AgCl than -1.1VAg/AgCl.

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Influence of AC on Hydrogen Permeation at Steel Under Cathodic Polarization

Product Number: 51315-5995-SG

ISBN: 5995 2015 CP

Author: Guenter Schmitt

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Available for download

51312-01535-FBE TEST PROTOCOL FOR TEMPERATURES UP TO 150°C

Product Number: 51312-01535-SG

ISBN: 01535 2012 CP

Author: Miguel Mateus

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Available for download

51318-10858-Experimental Setup to Study the Effect of Pulse Width Modulated Signal on ICCP System

Product Number: 51318-10858-SG

Author: Joffin George

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Methodology, observations and analysis of using pulse width modulated (PWM) DC power source rather than a steady state DC power source on a buried pipeline sample.

Available for download

HFW Pipe Seam Screening Test For Susceptibility To Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: MECC23-20105-SG

Author: Saad M. Al-Muaili; Mohammed Al-Anezi; Khalid A. Babakri

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

HFW pipes is considered a cost-effective pipe option for oil and gas pipeline projects. The HFW seam performance is always a concern, especially in challenging environments such as low temperature applications and wet sour services. One of the challenges include the seam properties to resist sulfide stress cracking (SSC) or hydrogen embrittlement (HE) when exposed to hydrogen charging environment such as a wet sour service.

Available for download

07112 Evaluation of Fitness for Purpose Test Environments for Sulfide Stress Cracking Tests of Casing Steels

Product Number: 51300-07112-SG

ISBN: 07112 2007 CP

Author: Peter R. Rhodes, Lillian Skogsberg, W.H. Grimes, Russell D.Kane, and Elizabeth A. Trillo

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Available for download

10403 Subsea SCR/Flowline Preservation-Maintenance of Fill Fluids During the Thunder Horse Subsea Kit Re-installation Campaign

Product Number: 51300-10403-SG

ISBN: 10403 2010 CP

Author: Jeffrey Willmon

Publication Date: 2010

$20.00

Available for download

51313-02772-Crack Stability Criteria and its Implications on Crack Growth Rates Mechanisms and Crack Geometry

Product Number: 51313-02772-SG

ISBN: 02772 2013 CP

Author: Colin Scott

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

Available for download

51312-01234-Evaluation of buried pipeline coatings under soil stress

Product Number: 51312-01234-SG

ISBN: 01234 2012 CP

Author: Alfredo Andrenacci

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Available for download

Pipe Preservation During Trenchless Installations: There’S No Need To Take Unnecessary Risks

Product Number: 51321-16671-SG

Author: Cristian Grecco

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

98637 CATHODIC PROTECTION CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE

Product Number: 51300-98637-SG

ISBN: 98637 1998 CP

Author: Sylvia C. Hall

$20.00

Available for download

Field Metallography and Replication on Liquefied Natural Gas Assets: Non-Destructive Metallurgical Testing to complement other regular Non-Destructive Tests

Product Number: 51320-15140-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam, Mehrooz Zamanzadeh, Sunil Kumar Pulagam, Ganesh P, Dhandabani, Bangaru Murali, Jeevanandam Shanmugam

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

During plant shutdown maintenance, some components cannot be removed out of service immediately for metallurgical examination due to high cost involved and loss of production hours. The best alternative is to replicate the lab based metallography work under the field conditions. Field Metallography and Replication (FMR) also known as in-situ metallography is a powerful non-destructive test (NDT) tool used to examine the microstructure of the component when it is still in service. Moreover, FMR is also used to study the microstructural alterations for the fitness for service assessment.

This paper provides case studies of materials in Natural Gas Processing facility where FMR was used as an NDT tool without sectioning the component. This paper discusses the damage mechanisms such as sigma phase embrittlement, stress relaxation cracking and creep.

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Behaviour of the Protection Layer of CuNi90/10 Under Brackish Water Conditions

Product Number: 51319-12845-SG

Author: Maik Macziek

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

To see the influence of the pre-conditioning of CuNi90/10 withSDD (Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate) a test series was carried out in brackish water (river Weser). Two test lines has been built. One test line was a CuNi90/10 pipe spool without any chemical treatment. The second test line was a CuNi90/10 pipe spool pre-conditiones with SDD (Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate). After several weeks parts of the pipe spools has been removed to investigate the development of the protection layer.At the end of the tests the last part was tested in seawater of the Nothern Sea.The purpose of the investigation has been to find weather a pre conditioning of CuNi90/10 with SDD in that special Weser water is necessary.

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A Study on Rapid Cure Non-Skid Coating System for Exposed Deck of the Marine Vessels

Product Number: 41211-620-SG

Author: Ki-Hong KIM, Dae-Young KIM, Yong-Yeol PARK, Yun-Dong KIM

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

Characteristics of the rapid cure non-skid coating systems for the highly stressed area, exposed deck of the marine vessels were studied in order to establish an advanced coating system with higher cracking resistance. Some previous non-skid epoxy based coating systems for marine vessels suffered premature coating failure such as crack and delamination due to the lower fracture elongation of the coating accompanied with higher external stress.

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Cost Effective Solutions for Aging Water Storage Tanks TANK REFURBISHMENT VERSUS REPLACEMENT

Product Number: 51218-096-SG

Author: Nick Bressler

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

When WIT Inc. was asked to rehabilitate the Alta Vista Standpipe, the first order of business would be to conduct a comprehensive tank evaluation in order to determine the overall condition, and also, to compile an inventory of deficiencies, repairs and upgrade objectives so that the project manual for the bid phase would include all necessary work to bring the tank to current AWWA standards.

Available for download

AMPP TR21500-2022, Surface Preparation by Encapsulated Blast Media for Repair of Existing Coatings on Railcars

Product Number: AMPP TR21500-2022

Publication Date: 2022

$109.00

This technical report provides practical information on the use of encapsulated blast media for repairing existing interior and exterior coatings on railroad tank cars (hereafter referred to as tank cars). This report: 1) introduces the technology; 2) describes typical abrasives, equipment, and processes used; and 3) provides a comparison to some other coating repair surface preparation methods typically used in the rail industry.

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51316-7157-The Effect of Medium Density Clear Brine Fluids upon the Environmental Cracking Behavior of High Strength Alloy UNS S42028

Product Number: 51316-7157-SG

ISBN: 7157 2016 CP

Author: Lucrezia Scoppio

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This paper will detail the environmental cracking test program and results when Alloy UNS S42028 (For applications such as high collapse liners sections in high pressure high temperature (HPHT) reservoirs) was exposed to medium density bromide based clear brine fluids at a temperature of 150oC (302oF).