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Failure Investigation of Internal Girth Weld Coating Surface Preparation: A Case Study

Product Number: MPWT19-14360

Author: Rashed Alhajri, Yousef Alrayes, Fahad Alhindas, Ghassan Bahamden

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

During the construction of a 56km long 16 in. carbon steel sour gas pipeline, repetitive surface
preparation failures were detected during visual inspection of pipeline girth weld internal surface prior to
coating application. Such failures represented 67% of the total pipeline girth welds and were manifested
by excessive sharp-edges at the root pass. To identify the failure causes, an investigation was
performed through reviewing the pipeline, fabrication and coating application specifications and
procedures, quality control records and performing an extensive visual inspection through an advanced
video robotic crawler on all pipeline girth welds made. Upon investigation analysis, the failures were
caused by sharp-edges in the root pass which were attributed to improper practices during
manufacturing, field fabrication and pre-coating quality control. The failure analysis indicated that the
mechanized Gas Metal Arc Welding process, with the parameters used, was not suitable for internal
girth weld coating application. In addition, a more stringent requirement should be applied to the
acceptable pipe-end diameter tolerance and pre-coating quality control to ensure absence of similar
premature surface preparation failures. The pre-coating quality control can be improved through
utilization of robotic laser contour mapping crawler for precise detection and sizing of unsatisfactory
surface weldment defects, including sharp edges.

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New Understanding on Calcium Carbonate Scaling Kinetics

Product Number: 51319-12935-SG

Author: Qiwei Wang

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the predominate type of mineral scale formed in many industrial water processes including oil and gas production. Comprehensive and accurate knowledge on the CaCO3 scaling risk is critical for the effective scale management. Currently scale risk assessment is largely depends on thermodynamic simulation which predicts the saturation state under given conditions there are very limited experimental or field data on scaling kinetics. Previous works on temperature effect were investigated on nucleation and precipitation in bulk solutions which didn’t involve the CaCO3 adhesion and accumulation on existing surface. The pressure effect is considered in scaling tendency calculation but its potential impact on scaling kinetics is usually neglected.This paper presents the laboratory results of CaCO3 scaling kinetics at various temperatures (80-150°C) and pressures (500-5000 psia). Tests were conducted with a dynamic tube blocking apparatus which measures CaCO3 scale buildup by monitoring hydrostatic pressure differential (DP) across a capillary tubing and the time for scale formation was determined. Test waters were maintained at similar CaCO3 supersaturation state at different temperatures and pressures by adjusting bicarbonate concentration. Results show that under the test conditions scaling rate was accelerated by both temperature and pressure. CaCO3 scaling time was shortened approximately 2 times when pressure was increased from 500 psi to 5000 psi at the same temperature and similar supersaturation state. For examples scaling timeis decreased from ~65minutes to ~40minutes at 80°C and from ~40 minutes to < 20 minutes at 125°C with pressure changed from 500 psi to 5000 psi..This study provides new understanding on the mineral scaling kinetics by identifying the pressure dependence of CaCO3 scale formation process. Experimental results show that pressure other than its impact on solubility has additional kinetic effect on CaCO3 scaling rate. This kinetic effect should be included in the scaling risk assessment especially for the high pressure systems.

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New Approach on Iron Sulfide Scale Modeling and Prediction at pH 4-7

Product Number: 51320-14532-SG

Author: Xin Wang, Saebom Ko, Alex Yi-Tsung Lu, Guannan Deng, Yue Zhao, Chong Dai, Samridhdi Paudyal, Amy T. Kan, Mason B. Tomson

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In this study, a plug flow reactor was built to investigate iron sulfide scale precipitation at various temperatures, pH and ionic strength conditions and two pieces of carbon steel C1018 coupons were put inside as reaction surfaces. The ferrous ion and total sulfide in collected effluent samples were measured to determine precipitation kinetics and solubility. The solid that formed on the steel surfaces were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The solubility data from this study and literature were collected and fitted by Matlab to build up a reliable FeS solubility prediction model. The experimental results show that mackinawite is the predominant precipitated scale and could be stable for a week at pH higher than 6.0. Iron sulfide precipitation is under diffusion control, accelerated by high temperature and ionic strength. At pH 6 – 7, the aqueous phase neutral species, such as 𝐹𝑒𝑆0𝑎𝑞, plays an important role in the solubility and precipitation kinetic. Based on this study, a new solubility model that combines Pitzer theory and ion-complexes (speciation of ferrous ion) has been developed for iron sulfide solubility calculation and scale prediction.

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Expected Service Life and Cost Considerations for Maintenance and New Construction Protective Coating Work

Product Number: 51324-20960-SG

Author: Jayson L. Helsel; Robert Lanterman

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper is an update to “Expected Service Life and Cost Considerations for Maintenance and New Construction Protective Coating Work” by the authors in 2022.1 The paper is designed to assist the coatings engineer or specifier in identifying candidate protective coating systems for typical service environments and provides: 1) commonly used generic coating systems; 2) practical maintenance time for each system and service environment; 3) current material costs; 4) current field and shop painting costs; and 5) guidelines for calculating approximate installed costs of the systems. Guidelines for developing long-term life-cycle costs and number of paintings for the expected life of the structure are also included. The basic elements of economic analysis and justification are addressed together with guidance on the preparation of a Present Value Analysis. Examples are provided to aid the reader in the proper use of the information. Updates to the paper include coating system revisions for atmospheric exposure, new discussion related to maintenance painting strategies and new cost information. Key words: protective coatings, life-cycle costs, coating selection, coating system life, containment costs, industrial maintenance, maintenance painting costs, industrial environments, corrosive, solvent-free, metalizing, galvanizing, Present Value Analysis, installed coating costs.

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51316-7845-Adequate CP Design Can Prevent Costly Premature Failure of Seachest Waster-Sleeves of Marine Vessels

Product Number: 51316-7845-SG

ISBN: 7845 2016 CP

Author: Moavin Islam

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Available for download

NACE TM21420-2018, Test Method for Measurement of Peel Strength of Multilayer Polyolefin

Product Number: 21420-SG

Publication Date: 2018

$179.00

HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. This NACE International test method describes a reliable methodology for determining the peel strength of polyolefin-based multilayer pipeline coating systems, generally for coating thickness less than 12 mm (0.47 in). This standard provides a method to measure the peel strength of polyolefin-based multilayer coating systems, such as 2-layer polyethylene coating [2LPE], 3-layer polyethylene [3LPE], 3-layer polypropylene [3LPP], and heat shrink sleeve[HSS] field joint coating. It provides essential information on the quality of the applied coating. This is particularly important for field-applied coatings, of which the application process is significantly impacted by the environmental conditions and the skill set of the field applicators. This test method is intended for use by pipeline operating companies, pipeline owners, pipeline contractors, pipeline inspection services companies, and pipeline coating mills.

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AMPP SP21523-2022, Non-thermal Plasma Surface Preparation of Metals

Product Number: AMPP SP21523-2022

$109.00

This standard contains the general requirements for the safe and effective use of APC equipment, operated either manually hand-held or through use of automation, to prepare various metallic surfaces for maintenance, repair, recoating, or lining. This standard does not address surface preparation of concrete.

APC is applied to the entire surface specified to be prepared for a new coating or lining. Poorly adhered surface material and coating that cannot withstand the APC process are removed, while, depending on the chosen cleanliness level, any remaining coating is suitably prepared prior to the application of a new coating layer over the existing. In the case of metallic substrates, the underlying surface profile will be revealed whenever surface contamination and coatings are removed.

Available for download

Pipeline Coatings

Product Number: 37616-pdf

ISBN: 978-1-57590-443-6

Author: Y. Frank Cheng

$130.00

Pipeline Coatings provides the reader with a history of generic pipeline coating types, technical information about testing, application, and use. There is very practical information about selection and evaluation methods for each type of coating system to help those who design pipeline systems. There is also discussion of how coatings work with cathodic protection (CP), CP shielding by coatings, and other related issues with the various coating systems related to CP.

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00584 TAMPA ELECTRIC COMPANY BIG BEND STATION: SYSTEM DESIGN, MAT'L SELECTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNITS 1 AND 2 WET FGD SYSTEM

Product Number: 51300-00584-SG

ISBN: 00584 2000 CP

Author: Ira S. Brodsky, John V. Smolenski, Miles R. Ford

$20.00

Available for download

New Insights On Groove Criticality Formed Onto Carbon Steel After Sulfide Stress Cracking Test

Product Number: 51322-17871-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide, Flavien Vucko

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of carbon steels and other alloys is commonly addressed through testing according to NACE TM01771 or NACE TM03162. The Method A of the first standard is focused on tests using uniaxial tensile (UT) while the second standard considers 4-point bend (4PB) type of loads. A common way of qualifying a material according to these standards is the absence of failure of the specimens or SSC crack initiation at the surface of the material after a test duration of 720 hours (1 month). After testing, cross-sectional observations of non-broken specimens often reveal so-called “grooves” that can be significantly different in shape and depth depending on the test method, steel grade or environment considered.

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NACE TM21423-2023, Determination of Substrate and Surface Temperature Limits for Insulative Coatings Used for Personnel Protection

Product Number: NACE TM21423-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

The purpose of this AMPP test method is to standardize the testing methods and conditions used to determine the substrate and surface temperature limits for different thicknesses of insulative coatings used for personnel protection to be in compliance with ASTM C1055. The temperature limits determined when using this test method are specific for each coating tested at a particular thickness and substrate temperature. A standardized test method can validate the temperature limits of a coating used for personnel protection and enable direct comparison of its performance to other commercially available coatings. This test method is intended for use by facility owners, engineers, health and safety specialists, coatings manufacturers, and other interested parties.

Available for download

Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of ATIG Welded Aluminum Alloy

Product Number: MPWT19-14282

Author: Mohammed Ali Al Ghamdi,

$0.00

The 6XXX aluminum alloys are magnesium and silicon alloys that are widely used in several applications for their attractive mechanical properties. However, there are some problems associated with the welding of aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys are difficult to weld due to their high thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion. The weldability of aluminum alloys varies significantly, depending on its chemical composition. In this paper, an experimental investigation studies the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 6063 aluminum alloy for a single pass of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (ATIG) welding. A thin layer of flux was applied to the welding area. Using ATIG, using the edge preparation, time and power consumption, shielding gas amount and wire quantity can be considerably reduced. Moreover, the number of joints per shift can be increased. No degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ATIG welds have been observed compared to those produced by conventional TIG welding. The optimal ageing parameters (temperature-time) have been determined to improve the mechanical properties. Taguchi method used to optimize the ageing parameters to improve the mechanical properties.

Available for download

The 2021 US Gas Gathering Final Rule and the New Challenges to Pipeline Integrity

Product Number: 51324-21233-SG

Author: Bernardo Cuervo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The 2021 gathering rule changes the definition of a regulated gas gathering pipeline; more than 400,000 additional miles will be covered by Federal reporting requirements. In the past, most gathering lines were built in low-populated areas, with smaller-diameter pipelines, and with lower pressures of operation. They used to pose a lower risk than transmission pipelines. However, with horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, the volume of gas transported through gathering lines has increased dramatically. As a consequence of larger diameters, higher operating pressures, and several high-profile gas gathering pipeline incidents, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) issued a final rule that expands Federal pipeline safety oversight to all onshore gas gathering pipelines. Today, more and more gas gathering pipeline operators are performing feasibility studies to retrofit their pipelines and make them piggable. The purpose is twofold, to make the pipelines run efficiently and provide critical data regarding the condition of the asset, as in-line inspection (ILI) yields the highest per-mile discovery of anomalies.

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Modifying Martensitic Steels to Reduce Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement by Heat Treatment and Mo Addition

Product Number: 51324-20964-SG

Author: Magdalena Eškinja; Gregor Mori; Gerald Winter; Jürgen Klarner; Holger Schnideritsch

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

On a global scale there is a tendency to substitute fossil fuels with cleaner and renewable sources of energy. In recent years, hydrogen appears to be a promising alternative to achieve energy transition. In this context, the new infrastructure for the hydrogen transportation and storage should be considered. Exposure of high-strength steels to hydrogen can result in the deterioration of the mechanical properties by the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). To prevent this phenomenon, pipeline steels can be modified by various means. One of the possible ways is to change the microstructural features by addition of carbide forming elements such as Mo. This paper aims to investigate the role of different Mo content as well as different heat treatment on susceptibility of two martensitic steels to HE. Hydrogen trapping behavior and permeation were investigated by means of electrochemical permeation test and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) of electrochemically charged steels were performed to elucidate mechanical performance. The carbide distribution and microstructure of the steels were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The results implied that change of heat treatment leads to the control of Mo carbides size and dispersion and positively effects on HE susceptibility. Tempered martensitic steels with higher Mo content and modified heat treatment were found to be less susceptible to HE.

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RP0375-HD1975-SG Wax Coating Systems for Underground Piping Systems-HD1975

Product Number: 21013-HD1975

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1975

$110.00

This recommended practice covers both hot- and cold-applied wax coatings and component wrappers as coatings systems for the protection of underground piping. Historical Document 1975

Coatings Failures: Analysis and Solutions--Linings

Product Number: 37686-POD

ISBN: 978-1-57590-490-0

$55.00

This multi-author/expert book, Coatings Failures: Analysis and Solutions--Linings, features case studies covering the failure--and fixture--of linings in an assortment of applications. The authors emphasize that the interior linings of tanks and pipes--and even railcars--is just as important as exterior coatings.

The performance of the interior lining correlates with the proper choice and application of the correct coating system.

The methods of investigating the failure include laboratory analyses, studies focused on the environment of the failure, infrared spectroscopy, suggestions on the steps that any investigation needs to consider, etc.

2023 AMPP, color, 52 pages

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98278 MIC MYTHS - DOES PITITING CAUSE MIC?

Product Number: 51300-98278-SG

ISBN: 98278 1998 CP

Author: H. M. Herro

$20.00

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A Case Study on the Cause of Pipelines Leaks by Phone Line Damage

Product Number: 51324-20946-SG

Author: Richard Flowers

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

An increase in unrepaired, broken phone lines potentially contribute to low cathodic protection (CP) potentials or leaks along steel natural gas pipelines. This paper presents data of multiple interference locations between the phone line and natural gas distribution piping. Data includes output voltage from phone lines, before and after CP potentials, and Close Interval Surveys (CIS) of two (2) Interference locations. This paper will present ways to identify potential phone line interference through case studies and then conclude with discussion on how to remediate the interference.

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Elastomer and Plastic Compatibility With a Pyrolysis-Derived Bio-Oil

Product Number: 51319-13566-SG

Author: Raynella Connatser

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Polymer compatibilty with key infrastructure elastomers and plastics was determined using a neat bio-oil that was derived via fast-pyrolysis of woody biomass. The elastomers were exposed to the bio-oil in a sealed container for 4 weeks while the plastics were exposed for 16 weeks. The bio-oil was kept at ambient temperatures (approximately 20C) and atmopsheric pressures.The mass volume change and hardness were measured and compared to the original starting values. These results were compared to identical specimens exposed to neat diesel fuel for baseline comparison. The results provide a useful comparison of assessing bio-oil compatibilty with existing infrastructure materials.

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Case Study Based On Coating Failure Analysis Of Cargo Container

Product Number: 51322-18110-SG

Author: Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Coatings are a composite blend of raw ingredients that are mixed, applied to a prepared substrate, and dried and cured correctly to perform to their maximum capability. Failures and defects can appear themselves at numerous times in the life of a coating. Prior to application, they can take the shape of settlement and skinning, during application as runs and sags, shortly after application as solvent popping and orange peel, and during service as blistering and rust spotting. Therefore, it is not unexpected that those coatings can suffer from premature failure and/or exhibit defects that may or may not result in failure. Coatings nowadays are the most efficient method to shield metals and thus has been widely engaged among various protective techniques ^{1, 2}.

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An Overview of Significant Updates to High Voltage Holiday Detection Standards (NACE SP0188/SP0274/SP0490, ASTM D5612/G62, ISO 29601)

Product Number: 51324-21164-SG

Author: Michael Beamish; Lake Barrett

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

High Voltage Holiday Detectors are commonly used to locate pinholes in coatings by generating a spark when an electrode passes over an area of bare substrate. Pinholes and areas of a non-continuous coating film can provide a direct path for premature failure of the coated asset. Historically a rule of thumb across the coating industry had been to utilize 100 volts per mil of coating as the recommended voltage setting for holiday detection. A paper presented at a recent AMPP conference1 provided compelling evidence, and confirmed industry suspicions, that the rule of thumb and test voltages specified by nearly every published standard were inadequate to reliably detect all holidays. In response, industry stakeholders worked to build consensus and update the relevant standards with science-based and experimentally-proven specifications that help ensure High Voltage Holiday Detectors are used appropriately, and with the correct voltage settings, to reliably detect holidays. This paper provides a review of these updates.

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00213 ESTIMATION OF SHORT CRACK GROWTH RATEON PWSCC OF MILL ANNEALED ALLOY 600

Product Number: 51300-00213-SG

ISBN: 00213 2000 CP

Author: Masayuki Kamaya, Shunji Sakai, Nobuo Totsuka, Nobuo Nakajima

$20.00

Available for download

51313-02744-Tank RBI—Pitfalls and Opportunities

Product Number: 51313-02744-SG

ISBN: 02744 2013 CP

Author: Mauricio Olivares

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

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02508 WORLDWIDE BWR CHEMISTRY PERFORMANCE WITH NOBLE METAL CHEMICAL ADDITION

Product Number: 51300-02508-SG

ISBN: 02508 2002 CP

Author: S. Hettiarachchi

$20.00

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01373 OCCURRENCE AND PREVENTION OF METAL DUSTING ON STAINLESS STEELS

Product Number: 51300-01373-SG

ISBN: 01373 2001 CCP

Author: H.J. Grabke and E.M. Mtiller-Lorenz

$20.00

Available for download

06053 MULTI-LAYER PIPELINE COATING SYSTEMS: A NEW LOOK AT THE EVALUATION OF CERTAIN QC TESTS AND CRITICAL APPLICATION PARAMETERS FOR FBE PRIMERS

Product Number: 51300-06053-SG

ISBN: 06053 2006 CP

Author: Paul Partridge

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

This paper begins with a brief discussion of essential properties of all pipeline coatings, and a listing of multi-layer systems designed to meet specific needs. It then focuses on special considerations regarding application parameters for multi-layer systems that use fusionbonded epoxy as the primer.

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Comparison Of CPT-Values Of UNS N08935, UNS N06625, UNS N06455 And UNS N06985 By Use Of A New Electrochemical Method

Product Number: 51321-16665-SG

Author: Anna Delblanc; Nian Zhou

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

51318-10689-PIPELINE STRAY DIRECT CURRENT (DC) INTERFERENCE

Product Number: 51318-10689-SG

Author: Eric S. Langelund

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Concerns related to stray DC interference. Including safety, testing, documentation and lessons learned. Also addressed are DC powered transit systems and other unordinary sources of DC interference.

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Induction Heating Technique for Cold Weather Pre-Heating and Post-Curing or Liquid Epoxy Coatings on Gas Pipeline Girth Welds

Product Number: 51216-022-SG

Author: Bruce Wiskel, J. Peter Ault

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

During the winter of 2013-2014, Northern California experienced unusually cold temperatures (below 40°F). These low temperatures delayed Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) coating operations on new pipelines. Since liquid epoxy coatings capable of being applied at, or which fully cure at, temperatures below 50°F were not approved, PG&E chose to control the environment using small enclosures over the application area. This approach proved to be expensive and time consuming, so a novel method of pipeline surface temperature control was necessary to allow application of liquid epoxies at low ambient temperatures.

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Chelating Agents for Iron Sulfide Scale Removal at 300°F (149°C)

Product Number: 51320-14859-SG

Author: Raja Ramanathan , Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Iron sulfide scales create well deliverability and integrity problems such as reduced production rates and damage to well tubulars. Chelating agents have scarcely been studied for iron-sulfide dissolution. This paper evaluates EDTA, DTPA, and HEDTA for its iron sulfide (FeS) dissolution capacity and kinetics at 300°F (149°C).

A comparative study of the chelating agents with a low pH (3-5), moderate pH (5-9), and high pH (9-14) determined the optimum pH for the scale treatment. These tests were conducted in glass bottles and a high-temperature autoclave apparatus under anoxic conditions. Results show that the iron-sulfide dissolution increases tremendously at 300°F (149°C) when using chelating agents with a pH>5. At 300°F (149°C), the bond strength is reduced, allowing the chelating agents to remove the metal ion from the solid surface. The ranking of the chelating agents in terms of iron-sulfide scale dissolution capacity and effectiveness was DTPA>EDTA>HEDTA at all pH conditions. The role of chelating agents in iron sulfide dissolution at 300°F (149°C) has not been thoroughly investigated. There is no study that reports the optimum treatment time at that temperature. This paper investigates chelating agents and provides the optimum dissolver composition and treatment time for field operations at high temperature conditions.

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Feasibility Journey - Feasibility of Repurposing Existing Natural Gas Network to Transport Hydrogen - Natural Gas Blends at the Distribution Level

Product Number: 51324-20936-SG

Author: Saba N. Esmaeely; Shane Finneran; Andrew Cummings; Daan Jonas Hottentot Cederløf ; Sander Gersen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Decarbonization of energy systems requires transitioning existing energy systems to use with low carbon sources. As part of such transitions, existing natural gas networks are being evaluated for compatibility with transporting hydrogen – natural gas (H2 – NG) blends, as a steppingstone to potentially transport 100% hydrogen. Utilizing the existing networks provides opportunities for time and cost-efficient transitions overcoming the high cost of, and public resistance to, building new infrastructures. A comprehensive, system-wide assessment of existing infrastructure is the first step in determining the feasibility of such transitions, from both technical and safety aspects. Such an assessment should consider the potential challenges that are generally recognized with hydrogen or hydrogen - natural gas blends and evaluate potential impacts on the materials, operational, and safety and system performance characteristics of the systems. A thorough assessment should encompass a study of the entire network including the feasibility from multiple facets in order to provide an acceptable range of H2 concentration (H2%) to be safely blended with natural gas without substantial modification to the existing infrastructure. This should include the compatibility of the material and equipment throughout the entire network with H2, considering material interaction, system integrity, process and performance, equipment accuracy and functionality, chemical compatibility, storage and handling, and customer (i.e., end-use) compatibility. The current paper portrays the steps and challenges that should be considered in the feasibility assessment of each material population, end use and equipment population at the distribution level.

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Maximizing Materials Utility through a Next Life Optimization Process

Product Number: 51324-20604-SG

Author: William Kovacs; Christopher David Taylor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The carbon footprint of assets will increasingly be of importance to obtain beneficial, economic, social and environmental outcomes of design and engineering projects. Inclusion of a Next Life strategy at asset or product end-of-life can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of First Life assets and Next Life reuses compared to the same uses made from virgin material or recycled content. Traditional engineering design and asset management often only plan for initial use and the management or maintenance strategies necessary to extend First Life, where the First Life is the primary engineering role of the asset. Critically missing from this picture are the costs and environmental impacts incurred throughout the asset or product lifecycle, especially associated with the end-of-life of an asset. A Next Life optimization process for these decisions is described herein that can aid in maximizing the overall Materials Sustainability and Materials Utility (i.e., longevity of fruitful usage) embedded in assets. It consists of appraisal, brainstorming, partnering and evaluation of beneficial impact for particular Next Life options allowing the benefits they can provide to First Life and Next Life opportunities. These benefits can include a reduction in carbon footprint over a lifecycle, cost savings related to GHG emissions, cost savings related to reused material/labor for Next Life assets, or other beneficial impact (even if increased financial cost). The process includes a qualitative conceptual assessment that can feed into a more detailed quantitative assessment for optimization of Next Life materials usage.

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NACE WJ-2/SSPC-SP WJ-2-2012-SG (Chinese), “Waterjet Cleaning of Metals—Very Thorough Cleaning (WJ-2)" Chinese Translation

Product Number: 21192-SG

ISBN: 1-57590-249-4

$179.00

Available for download

01213 EFFECTS OF METALLURGICAL FACTORS AND

Product Number: 51300-01213-SG

ISBN: 01213 2001 CP

Author: T. Kushida, K. Nose, H. Asahi, M. Kimura, Y. Yamane, S. Endo, and H. Kawano

$20.00

Available for download

51312-01656-Flow-Accelerated Coating Degradation: Influence of the Composition of Working Fluids

Product Number: 51312-01656-SG

ISBN: 01656 2012 CP

Author: Gordon P. Bierwagen

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

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51315-5719-HIC Performance of SAWL Large-Diameter Pipes Under Non-Standard Test Conditions

Product Number: 51315-5719-SG

ISBN: 5719 2015 CP

Author: Thomas Haase

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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51315-5757-CUI Mechanism and Prevention

Product Number: 51315-5757-SG

ISBN: 5757 2015 CP

Author: Hiroyasu Matsuda

Publication Date: 2015

$0.00

Available for download

(Case Studies) Crisis Management for Construction Projects

Product Number: 43-COAT_DEC21

Author: Dr. Akram Saad

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Construction companies will experience a crisis at some point during its existence.
This is especially true for construction companies, where it is not a matter of “if” one will happen but “when” it will happen. A crisis is the sudden occurrence of any unplanned or unexpected event that causes harm to the project /company, employees, or the public. The crisis could be a medical/safety emergency, a natural disaster, or personnel crisis dealing with unethical or illegal activities.
Construction companies must always operate with a “better safe than sorry” mindset. A proactive way to do so is to ensure that there is a crisis management plan in place.

Available for download

SSPC QP Program Nuclear Supplement

Product Number: 41211-591-SG

Author: Lucas Clark

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

The intent of the nuclear supplement to the relevant SSPC QP contractor certification programs is to certify contractors and paint shops to perform work in and for nuclear facilities that require an enhanced level of quality assurance / quality control requirements and nuclear safety culture awareness for surface preparation and painting activities. SSPC will expand the current QP certification to include the assessment of capabilities of SSPC certified firms to provide coating services to the nuclear power industry based on ANSI and ASTM standards as well as NRC guidelines.

SSPC VIS 1

Product Number: PB-00212

Publication Date: 2012

$210.00

This guide describes the use of reference photographs depicting the appearance of both previously unpainted and previously painted and partially rusted hot-rolled carbon steel prior to and after abrasive blast cleaning.

The reference photographs consist of a series of 1:1 (actual size) color photographs. The photographs were taken under controlled studio lighting designed to show the maximum detail possible.

Highlighted in the guide are five initial rust conditions before surface preparation, covering the rand from intact mill scale to rusted and pitted steel, as well as previously painted steel.

¡Esta guía de referencia fotográfica está en inglés y español!

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Stressed Alkaline Cooling Water Deposit Control: High Temperature Suspended Solids and Iron Impacts

Product Number: 51317--9422-SG

ISBN: 9422 2017 CP

Author: Libardo Perez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper discusses cooling water treatment program metal-phosphate/phosphonate scale formation control efficacy when operating under stressed alkaline conditions (e.g., high temperatures, suspended solids, and iron).

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00768 LOCATION OF HOLIDAYS AND ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF CATHODIC PROTECTION ON UNDERGROUND PIPELINES USING AC IMPEDANCE AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Product Number: 51300-00768-SG

ISBN: 00768 2000 CP

Author: H. Castaneda and M. Urquidi-Maedonald

$20.00

Available for download

51318-11321-Systematic Design and Management of an Offshore Cathodic Protection System

Product Number: 51318-11321-SG

Author: Shuangqi Song / Todd G. Cowin / Andre C. Nogueira

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper will focus on how to address the major CP concerns from the system point of view during the design phase of offshore projects. It will also recommend solutions for potential issues that may arise during the installation and operation phases of projects.

Available for download

Selective Degradation and Removal of Silyl-Containing Topcoats from Non-Metallic Substrates using Environmentally Friendly Fluoride Salts

Product Number: 51323-18797-SG

Author: Erick B. Iezzi, Grant C. Daniels

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

topcoats utilized on the exterior skin of Department of Defense (DoD) aircraft (i.e., fixed and rotary wing) and ground support equipment (GSE) are two-component (2K) polyurethanes (PUs) that are qualified to MIL-PRF-85285 performance requirements. These topcoats are formed from the chemical MARCH reaction of hydroxyl- and isocyanate-functional molecules to generate highly cross-linked polymeric networks that contain carbamate (i.e., urethane) linkages. Formation of these cross-linked networks result in durable coatings with excellent hydrocarbon resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, including resistance to ultraviolet (UV) degradation from sunlight.

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Could This Nobel Prize Winning Technology Generate a "New Class of Material" for the Coating Industry?

Product Number: 51324-20687-SG

Author: Jeremy Daum; Ilhan Ulkem; Andrew Recker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Grubbs catalysts and ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) have been explored to develop a new class of material for the coating industry. In this study, ROMP has been successfully utilized to obtain 100 % solids, fast reacting polymeric networks. Products rapidly exhibited higher Tg and Shore D hardness values compared to other coating resins like epoxies. They also exhibited superior hydrophobicity behavior compared to the industry standards with much lower hysteresis and almost no water absorption upon immersion into water. When carefully formulated, these materials have also been found to be resistant to high temperatures at a level that could compete with low end of the TSA (thermally sprayed aluminum) products.

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Grain Size Effect on the Creep Resistance of Alloy 800HT Pigtails

Product Number: 51324-20906-SG

Author: Jack Taylor; Victoria Hamlin; Justin Dansbury

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Advanced creep degradation was discovered in steam methane reformer (SMR) outlet pigtails during planned maintenance. The outlet pigtails were fabricated from alloy 800HT (ASTM B407 UNS N08811) which had operated within design pressure and temperature for approximately six (6) years. It is industry knowledge that there have been instances of wrought alloy 800H/HT suppliers not complying with the applicable grain size requirements of ASTM B407. Additionally, a few SMR operators use supplemental grain size requirements that are more conservative than ASTM B407. This paper will document the extent of the damage, root cause, repair, and a recommendation to API TR 942-A.

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Faster Qualification Testing for SSPC Paint 47

Product Number: 51324-21089-SG

Author: Sean Fowler; William Tobin; David Duecker; Andy Francis

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study investigates the possibility of reducing the testing time required to qualify paints to the SSPC Paint 47 specification. Using specimens from the original study conducted to develop the test requirements, the irradiance of the UV exposure was increased to see if the 4000 hour results could be replicated in 2000 hours or less. Although final data was not available at the time of writing, data from 1000 hours of the higher irradiance exposure correlated very well with the 2000 hour exposure data from the original study.

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AMPP TR21540-2022, Correlating Qualitative Surface Profile Assessment Methods to Quantitative Methodology on Prepared Concrete Substrates

Product Number: AMPP TR21540-2022

Publication Date: 2022

$109.00

Coating/lining manufacturers and/or facility owners frequently specify cleaning and roughening of the concrete surface prior to product installation. The specifications may reference qualitative methods including visual assessments using comparison coupons or quantitative methods including surface profile depth measurements. However, prior to this Technical Report, there was no known data to inform a conversion between qualitative and quantitative methods. The outcomes of this Technical Report enable coating manufacturers, engineers, specifiers, and contractors to convert well-established qualitative methods to quantitative values based on an interlaboratory experiment. While current quantitative methods can measure up to 6 mm (250 mils), extremely rough concrete surfaces (exceeding ~1.5 mm, or ~50 mils) were not included in the experiment due to the inability to stabilize the instrument probe and obtain accurate data.

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