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Extended Connectivity of Zinc Pigments to Provide Enhanced Galvanic Coupling by Partial Replacement with Nanoparticles

Product Number: 51319-13470-SG

Author: Saiada Fuadi Fancy

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Coatings are widely used to mitigate corrosion of highway steel bridges in aggressive exposure environments. Zinc-rich-primer three-coat (ZRP) systems have been used since the 1980’s. However coating failure of ZRP has been identified within 15 years of application well short of typical 75 year bridge design service life. Most of the reported coating failure included corrosion undercutting blistering and delamination. Partial replacement of zinc pigments with nanoparticles in ZRP coating systems have been shown to provide beneficial physical chemical and mechanical properties. These enhanced qualities may provide enhanced performance to mitigate premature coating failure. Earlier research showed that the nanoparticle enriched primer provided comparable corrosion resistance in aggressive environments as conventional three-coat systems. Nonetheless coating performance can be compromised by inappropriate surface preparation before coating application. Exposure to high humidity and surface contaminants (hygroscopic salt) as well as noncompliance to proper anchor profile requirements can initiate coating failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface preparation with varying surface contaminants on the corrosion performance of a nanoparticle enriched zinc rich epoxy coating (NPE-ZRP) system. Adverse environmental condition exposure to different level of humidity (5% 75% and 100% RH) water immersion and salt contamination were incorporated before the coating application. After adverse exposure NPE-ZRP coating and a traditional ZRP coating (as a reference) were applied over the coupons. Cyclic testing in alternate wet/dry exposure was done for ~5 months. Coating and corrosion behavior was analyzed during the wet exposure of the cyclic testing by Open Circuit Potential (OPC) Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Physical parameters such as changes in coating thickness pull-off strength and cross-sectional micro-graphic analysis were also assessed to elucidate the extent of coating degradation.

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04127 Simulation Tests on Effects of Mechanical Damage or Acid Cleaning on Corrosion Resistant Alloys Used for Oil/Gas Production Well Tubulars

Product Number: 51300-04127-SG

ISBN: 04127 2004 CP

Author: John W. Martin, BP Amoco; Andrew J. McMahon, Helix RDS

$20.00

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A comparison among different electrochemical hydrogen charging methods tested on low alloy steels

Product Number: 51323-18866-SG

Author: Luca Paterlini, Luca Casanova, Giorgio Re, Marco Ormellese, Fabio Bolzoni

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Atomic hydrogen can enter metallic microstructures from deposition processes like Cr plating or phosphatizing, chemical and electrochemical pickling treatments, during welding operations if the humidity of consumables is too high, by cathodic processes resulting from corrosion phenomena or contact with high pressure gaseous hydrogen. According to different chemical-physical mechanisms, atomic hydrogen can enter the metallic structure resulting in damages of various forms, such as HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), SOHIC (stress oriented HIC), delayed fracture and hydrogen embrittlement (HE).

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Failure Analysis of a 4-Inch 25Cr-35Ni Welded Fitting

Product Number: 51323-19079-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam, Chris Miller, Scott Harding

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Up until the 1940s, typical furnace tube materials consisted of wrought chromium steels and austenitic stainless steels. But the low carbon content led to increased creep.

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Several Case Studies of Causes and Effects of Cuprosolvency

Product Number: 51319-12992-SG

Author: James Datesh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

This paper explores four cases of cuprosolvency defined as accelerated uniform corrosion of copper plumbing materials. Cuprosolvency goes far beyond blue-tinted water or stained porcelain and often results in severe pipe wall thinning. Its contributory factors differ from those associated with pinhole corrosion and other localized corrosion mechanisms involving copper or its alloys. Multiple water attributes in various and sometimes unexpected combinations were implicated. Modern water treatment practices including operational and design issues introduce avoidable risks for cuprosolvency as discussed in several case studies.Four situations involved very different root causes and impacts: (1) copper pipe wall thinning throughout a university campus due to specific attributes of the municipal water in combination with the university’s operations of hot water recirculating systems; (2) a vacation community’s problem with exceedances of the EPA Action Level for copper in potable water resulting from a transient drop in pH of the source water; (3) periodic cuprosolvency at a large public facility due to a design flaw in their softening system with damaging side effects on galvanized pipe; and (4) newly-imposed copper discharge limits leading a small city’s wastewater plant to look upstream to the city’s industrial and residential users for cuprosolvency effects.

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CerMet Coatings for Brake Discs

Product Number: 51324-21019-SG

Author: Alessandro Piglione; Nicola Nocera; Simone Biondo; Andrea Bonfanti; Alessandro Mancini

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

CerMet coatings for brake discs are considered a most promising technological solution to reduce brake particle emissions. In this work, two CerMet coatings, fabricated using either laser metal deposition (LMD) or high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying, are deposited onto full-scale brake discs and extensively characterised. It is shown that both coatings lead to marked improvements in surface hardness and corrosion resistance compared to conventional uncoated grey cast iron brake discs. In addition, both coatings are shown to induce significant reductions in particle emission levels as measured via specific brake tests on dynamometric benches. This study therefore demonstrates that CerMet coatings represent a valuable solution to reduce brake particle emissions, while increasing the expected service life of brake discs via a combination of enhanced wear and corrosion resistance.

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TM0397-2018-SG “Screening Tests for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gypsum Scale Removers”

Product Number: 21230-SG

ISBN: 1-57590-044-0

Publication Date: 2018

$109.00

Tests of effectiveness of two types of gypsum scale removers—scale dissolvers & scale converters. Apparatus, reagents, and procedures for conducting these screening tests.

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04263 Exposure Tests and Surface Analysis to Evaluate the Level of Corrosion Control and Potential Benefit of Salt Water Rinse Additives

Product Number: 51300-04263-SG

ISBN: 04263 2004 CP

Author: Patricia Trzaskoma-Paulette, National Academy of Sciences; S.G. Lambrakos, Nick Tran, Kershed Cooper

$20.00

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06324 A GALVANIC SENSOR FOR MONITORING THE CORROSION DAMAGE OF BURIED PIPELINES: PART IV. ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTS TO DETERMINE THE CORRELATION OF PROBE CURRENT TO CATHODIC PROTECTION CONDITIONS.

Product Number: 51300-06324-SG

ISBN: 06324 2006 CP

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi, Jung-Gu Kim

$20.00

Available for download

Experimental Study and Finite Element Modelling of the Cathodic Protection Influence on Parallel Pipelines During Maintenance Operations

Product Number: 51324-20713-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Yves Zannier; Alexandre Billot; Flavien Vucko; Tiphaine Lutzler

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Dense buried pipelines network, such as in implemented in parallel, can be installed in different process and storage mills, such as geological gas and hydrocarbon storages. Their corrosion resistance is ensured by a combination of organic coating and cathodic protection (CP). For maintenance operation on a specific pipeline, the CP can be turned off for safety reasons. Thus, the operated pipeline can be affected by CP influence from other surrounding protected ones. This phenomenon is supported in the field by different pigging inspections, highlighting local corrosion induced by output stray current on coating defects. In the literature, many studies focused on CP influences by finite and/or boundary element modeling. However, usually the foreign structures considered (under influence) are limited to bare steel or fully coated pipeline. Moreover, most of these studies are not confronted with experimental works. To our knowledge, the actual influence between the different pipelines is not much documented in the literature and not quantified. In this study, an experiment consisting in 3.00 x 1.80 x 0.80 m sand tank, equipped with 4 full scale parallel pipelines, with 17 model defects were realized. The model defects reproduce uniformly degraded coating and local defects. The experimental work allows i) measuring the DC influence under different CP configurations, and ii) providing stray current data for finite element modelling (FEM). The FEM was performed in a two steps i) a CP distribution in terms of current demand and electric field on protected pipelines, and ii) application of this electric field to the foreign pipeline. The good agreement obtained allows a validation the proposed approach and globally assess the riskier scenario in terms of nature of the defect, applied CP and soil environment.

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Surface/Environment Interactions of CoCrMo

Product Number: 51319-13232-SG

Author: Blake Thornley

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Metal has been used in orthopaedic implants due to possessing excellent corrosion resistance and bio-compatibility. During recent years there has been serious concern using metal implants as release of metal ions from the implant can lead to genotoxicity and immunological effects with one of the principal factors that lead to this being the electrochemical reactions of the implant with salts proteins and other organic substances in the body. Continuous degradation also affects the lifetime of the implant; lifetime of the implant is a current priority due to the increased need for joint replacement in younger population.The focus of this research is to fully understand the surface/environment interactions that occur on CoCrMo alloys whilst in a protein-containing environment. Electrochemical techniques to measure corrosion rates and post –test assessment to assess mechanisms under a variety simulated body fluids have been used. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has been employed to analyse the surface chemistry of CoCrMo throughout the formation/dissolution of the organic/metallic tribo-film whilst In-Situ AFM has been utilised to monitor the build up of proteins in real time to determine how reactant films resulting from protein/surface interactions are formed. This study has shown that the presence of proteins has a substantial effect on the metal/oxide/electrolyte interface and this subsequently affects how the metal will behave in an implant environment

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51317--9623-Are Drill Pipe Conventional Coatings Suitable for Subsea Early Production Risers?

Product Number: 51317--9623-SG

ISBN: 9623 2017 CP

Author: Rodrigo Barreto

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper presents failures of the internal coating of drill pipe riser (DPR) systems that operated for 8 months in extended well testing (EWT) in Brazilian pre-salt fields at 1900-m sea depth. After two different EWT operations, blisters were seen through the internal coating of tubes that had been in service.

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04004 Testing of Offshore Systems - Is There a Realistic Testing Scenario or is There Still Work to be done?

Product Number: 51300-04004-SG

ISBN: 04004 2004 CP

Author: Michael J. Mitchell, International Coatings Ltd.

$20.00

Much progress has been made in testing of offshore paint systems in the past 10 years. But more work is needed to understand what is happening and give us the confidence to correlate the laboratory accelerated test to the field service life of offshore coating systems. The new NACE Standards are a move in the right direction.

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51318-10557-Investigation & Mitigation of Corroding Bonded Post Tension Tendons

Product Number: 51318-10557-SG

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Evaluation of Post-Tensioned (PT) structures and the PT impregnation technique to mitigate corrosion of grouted PT tendons. Project case studies and laboratory research will be presented to demonstrate the technique and its effectiveness.

Available for download

Conference Proceedings 2018- 11183 through 11390

Product Number: 51318-4

Author: Various

Publication Date: 2015

$0.00

Corrosion 2018 Conference Proceedings 11183 to 11390

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51318-10987-Development of low application temperature coating systems for steel pipelines

Product Number: 51318-10987-SG

Author: Dr Dennis Wong / Catherine Lam / Dr Peter Singh

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Coordinating with powder suppliers in the development of Low Application Temperature (LAT) FBE materials and the enhancement and process controls for the corresponding application process to constrain temperatures the steel pipe experiences in a coating plant.

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51318-10539-Marine anticorrosion and antifouling assessment of multifunctionalized hybrid sol-gel coatings

Product Number: 51318-10539-SG

Author: Rami Suleiman* / Amjad Khalil / Mazen Khaled / Bassam El Ali

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This study describes the functionalization of a hybrid sol-gel polymeric coating with MOLY or ZAPP corrosion inhibitors and viable endospores of Bacillus licheniformis isolate (B6).

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NACE SP0602-2023, Field-Applied Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating Systems: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

Product Number: NACE SP0602-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

STABILIZATION NOTICE: This document has been declared “Stabilized” by AMPP Standards Committee (SC) 03 and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency.

This AMPP standard practice provides the most current technology and industry practices for the use of field-applied coal tar enamel external pipe coating systems. This standard is intended for use by corrosion-control personnel, design engineers, project managers, purchasing personnel, and construction engineers and managers. It is applicable to underground steel pipelines in the oil and gas gathering, distribution, and transmission industries.

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(Coating Formulation) Coatings on the Edge of Forever

Product Number: 12-COAT_DEC21

Author: Carl Reed / Kat Coronado

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

A continuing problem with coatings applied to sharp edges of a structure is the corrosion that often develops at the apex of the edge. The conventional wisdom is that the reduction of film thickness, due to coating pulling away at the edge during the curing of the coating, is the primary cause for the onset of corrosion. This theory, however, is not necessarily correct, both from a mechanistic and practical point of view.

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Digitalization: Why It Matters [To AMPP Members] And How To Realize The Benefits

Product Number: 51322-17656-SG

Author: Ross Boyd

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In this presentation, we will cover how digitalization impacts industrial processes, how to ensure your digitalization initiative is successful, and where to start and what to expect when implementing mobile technology and software. We will address these points using proven examples of successful digitalization related to the corrosion industry.

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The Development Of Eta Function For Notch Tensile Testing Of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Susceptibility

Product Number: 51322-18000-SG

Author: Yuan Ding, Lianlian Liu, Sebastian Cravero, Bostjan Bezensek, Raymundo Case

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon steels and low alloy steels have been used extensively in the oil and gas industry for many decades. The success of their applications in the energy sector is a balanced result of the materials affordability and operation needs in the fields. Producing H₂S containing fluids remains a challenge for well integrity as no compromise is acceptable.

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Feasibility Assessment for Cathodic Protection of High Level Nuclear Waste Tanks

Product Number: 51324-21160-SG

Author: Kenton Lawson; Bruce Wiersma; Barbara Nicole Padgett; Sandeep Chawla; John Beavers

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper summarizes an assessment of the feasibility of implementing cathodic protection (CP) as an internal corrosion prevention strategy for nuclear waste storage tanks. The study investigates the principles of cathodic protection and its applicability to the unique environment of nuclear waste storage. By reviewing the relevant literature, this research explores the various threats and challenges associated with implementing CP in this specific context. A boundary element analysis (BEA) model of a steel tank with a simplified impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system was developed using polarization curves that were experimentally measured from coupons in simulated waste. This model was developed to evaluate the interaction of electrochemical potentials of the various waste layers within the tank. The modeling results indicate that the simulated ICCP system is capable of shifting the polarized potentials of the internal tank surfaces to levels required to mitigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion.

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Novel Silicone Hardener for Eco-friendly Heat Resistant Coatings

Product Number: 51323-18951-SG

Author: Francisco Cortes Baledon, Markus Hallack, Peter Carter, Bin Cao

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

For many years coatings based on methyl/phenyl silicone resins have proven to be one of the most effective and reliable products within the high heat and protective coatings segments. Their inorganic characters along with the methyl/phenyl modification provide outstanding long term thermal stability, attractive corrosion protection, weather resistance and good mechanical properties. In general, silicone resins for high heat applications can be categorized into two sub-groups: i) oven curing and ii) ambient temperature curing systems.
In the case of typical oven cured silicone

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From galvanic anodes to ICCP system for offshore jackets revamping

Product Number: 51323-19177-SG

Author: Eric Agel, Mamady Obame-Diakite, Thiago Mesquita, Christian Yogoulou-Joly

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Sacrificial or Galvanic Anodes Cathodic Protection System is an excellent anticorrosion solution which offers to immerse structures a long-term protection. In TotalEnergies and in the Oil & Gas Industry in general, such system provides confidence, efficiency together with little maintenance over years which is a very good point for the subsea integrity of jackets (or pipelines) when knowing all other operational constraints or corrosion issues that can be met at the surface level.

Thus, from TotalEnergies experience, it has been established that as long as:1/ the CP system is correctly designed (taking into account the applied - or not - painting on the jacket) following the recognized international codes and standards (DNV RP-B-401, ISO 15589-2.

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How Many Excavations are Required to Confirm the Absence of SCC on a Pipeline Following SCCDA

Product Number: 51317--9346-SG

ISBN: 9346 2017 CP

Author: Francois Ayello

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper examines the relationship between stress corrosion cracking (SCC) threat modeling and the number of digs required to conclude that a pipeline is SCC free. Results show that when a reliable inspection prioritization model is used, few digs are required to infer that a pipe has a low probability of SCC.

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Don’t Lose Your Head – A Case Study on the Repair of a Vertical Knock-Out Drum

Product Number: 51319-13137-SG

Author: Casey Whalen

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A 67” vertical knock-out drum suffered a system upset over three years ago resulting in a localized band of internal corrosion near the entire circumferential dome weld. After performing initial defect assessments it was determined that the pressure vessel could not operate at full capacity without suffering rapid through-wall defects around the entire circumference. Additionally the corrosion occurred beneath the lowest support meaning that a structural failure would result in the drum head detaching.To provide a short-term remediation a composite repair system was custom designed for the operator to address the three primary concerns: through-wall leaking internal pressure containment and preventing dome separation. Three unique systems were combined and used to achieve a successful repair for over three years while a replacement drum was ordered for the next turn-around. This paper will highlight the flexible design capabilities of composite materials in addressing critical component repairs when engineered appropriately.

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TM0284-HD1996-SG Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking-HD1996

Product Number: 21215-HD1996

ISBN: 1-57590-020-3

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1996

$179.00

This standard establishes a test method for evaluating the resistance of pipeline and pressure vessel plate steels to HIC caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. Historical Document 1996

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Critical Review of International Standards on Soluble Salts Measurement Methods

Product Number: 51324-20851-SG

Author: Sophia Xiaoxia Zhu; Benjamin T. A. Chang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

It is well known that the residual salts on steel substrates have detrimental effects on the coating performance. There are several international standards on the measurement of residual salts. The most widely recognized ones are ISO 8502-6 and 8502-9. ISO 8502-6 specifies the soluble salts extraction procedures and ISO 8502-9 specifies the calculation of the soluble NaCl salt. The standards use 3 ml deionized (DI) water in 10 minutes dwell time to extract the soluble salts to measure with a potable conductivity meter. The measured conductivity reading in µS/cm is multiplied by 1.2 to convert into total (NaCl) salts in mg/m2. The ISO standards assume the extracted salt solution containing only Na+ and Cl- ions and use a simple analytical calculation to convert the conductivity to the total NaCl salt concentration on the contaminated steel surface. In fact, in addition to Na+ and Cl- ions, Fe+2, OH- ions are also in the extracted salt solution contributing to the conductivity reading, but not considered in the total salt calculation. The ISO standards on the total (NaCl) salt measurement are oversimplified that leads to inaccurate estimation of the residual salts. The chloride ions in aqueous condition can cause micro-pits on the carbon steel surface. The pit density and depth are related to the salt levels and corrosion reaction time. During the salt measurement, the DI water can not readily migrate to the micro-pits to extract salts, and the salt extraction efficiency depends on the corrosion severity. In this work we have investigated the salt extraction on doped salted steel panels with five known amounts of NaCl salt. We also used a chloride electrode to measure the chloride ion concentration. The test results showed that the salt extraction efficiency depends on the severity of the pitting corrosion. Based on the chloride level, the extraction efficiency is 90% at low salt content and 50-66% at higher salt content on the grit blasted panels using Bresle patch method. It is recommended to use the residual chloride concentration in the coating specifications as the acceptance criterion, not the total NaCl salt level. More research is to be done to investigate the residual chloride measurements to give the international coating community a more reliable test method in the field.

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SP0313-2013-SG, Guided Wave Technology for Piping Applications

Product Number: 21174-SG

ISBN: 1-57590-264-8

Publication Date: 2013

$109.00

In 1998, pipeline operators began to use a instrumented inspection technology that we now know as guided wave testing (GWT), which detects changes in the cross-sectional area of the pipe wall.

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Visualizing Correlations of Water Quality and Cathodic Protection Parameters

Product Number: 51323-19333-SG

Author: Veronica Lynn Gerios, Natalie Becerra-Stasiewicz, Sean Morefield, Cristina Fleig Mayer

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion is responsible for the deterioration of steel structures over time. Thus, there are billions of dollars lost each year worldwide, due to leakage of materials transported in metallic pipelines, as well as the need for repair and replacement of materials. Cathodic protection is one of the main ways to minimize or even suspend the corrosive process, along with the application of protective coatings on metallic structures.

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Alloy 29 and Alloy 825 for Chemical Injection Lines

Product Number: 51319-13162-SG

Author: Wenle He

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Cold worked Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) and Alloy 29 (UNS N08029) have been successfully used as Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) in H2S-containing downhole applications. Laboratory testing showed high stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of these alloys in sour conditions outside of ISO limits for 4c type materials where Alloy 828 Alloy 28 and Alloy 29 belong to. Recently a similar study found in literature showed comparable results between cold worked Alloy 28 and Alloy 825 (UNS N08825). Alloy 28 Alloy 29 and Alloy 825 in annealed conditions belong to 4a type materials which have higher SCC resistance compared to the cold worked materials. Compared to Alloy 825 Alloy 29 is arelatively new material which has been introduced in control line and chemical injection line applications. However corrosion testing data is not always available for these materials in annealed conditions. ISO 15156-3 has no environmental limits for the 4a type materials. This work aimed at to provide pitting corrosion resistance data on the full-size tube materials for control line and chemical injection line in annealed conditions.Pitting corrosion resistance of Alloy 29 and Alloy 825 has been determined by critical pitting temperature (CPT) per ASTM G150 on full-size seamless tubes in annealed condition for control line and chemical injection applications. The effect of pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) has been studied by using Alloy 825 Alloy 316L (UNS S31603) in control line dimensions. Alloy 28 and Alloy 29 in cold worked condition for OCTG application were also included.The CPT was 70°C for Alloy 29 and 30 ~ 45°C for Alloy 825 which was mainly dependent on pitting resistant equivalent (PRE) of the materials. Alloy 29 and Alloy 825 belong to same category 4a and 4c type nickel-based alloys defined by ISO15156-3 for down-hole applications. Because Alloy 29 has higher PRE and lower Ni content compared to Alloy 825 Alloy 29 can be considered as a cost-saving material for control line and chemical injection line applications.

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Metallurgical Investigation Of Hydrogen Reformer Tube Rupture – A Case Study

Product Number: 51323-18930-SG

$20.00

Hydrogen Reformer or so-called Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) is an important equipment to produce hydrogen or synthesis gas for refineries, petrochemical and fertilizer plants. It is basically a fired heater component that consists of four main sections which are radiant section, convection section, transition duct and stack.1 The configuration and general arrangement of SMR varies from different designers.

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Enhanced Process Integrity Management Through Real Time Predictive Analytics

Product Number: 51319-13286-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A novel software framework Predict-RT incorporating intelligent predictive analytics linked to process historian has been created to provide refinery / process operators the ability to see corrosion damage in real time. Built on decades of intense experimental corrosion data and predictive model development this framework offers first-of-its-kind insights to proactively manage unit operations optimize throughput management and derive enhanced safety and reliability through real-time linkages to process data. The system also enables easy implementation of industry-best practices through support for API RP584 (Integrity Operating Windows) and API RP970 (Corrosion Control Documents).This paper describes the overall predictive framework and provides recent industry case studies / practical applications related to refinery crude unit monitoring to highlight the potential of intelligent software-based predictions to drive efficient linkage between process data and degradation. The systems ability to correlate corrosion rates to process upsets while trackingcumulative wall loss at critical locations and drive proactive inspection management is also highlighted.Key words: Intelligent systems predictive analytics crude unit corrosion mechanical integrity corrosion prediction software

CP Virtual Training Simulator Subscription - One Year CP Virtual Training Simulator Access

Product Number: CPVIRTUALTRAININGSIMULATOR

$429.00

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Application Process for Optimum Paint and Coating Systems’ Performance for Navy Ships

Product Number: SP21416-2020

Publication Date: 2020

$109.00

This NACE/EFC standard is considered as the basis for the cleaning, surface preparation, and application of paint and coating systems to Navy ships used in marine environments for New Build, and during Life Cycle maintenance and permanent repair. It is intended for use by naval corrosion control personnel, coating applicators, and coating manufacturers. It covers coating materials, coating test protocol and acceptance criteria, surface preparation, coating application, quality assurance and control, and repair methods. Its purpose is to facilitate more effective corrosion protection of Navy ships and support inter-operability requirements by presenting reliable information and providing guidelines for coating manufacturers and shipyards to develop more durable specifications.

This standard replaces NATO Allied Engineering Publication (AEP) 59.

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Internal Installation Pressure Effects on Composite Repairs

Product Number: 51319-12986-SG

Author: Brad Whelan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Most composite repair installations take place with some amount of pressure in the pipe. The traditional design standards ASME PCC-2 4.1 and ISO 24817 each provide a design equation that includes consideration of installation pressure but the equations up to this point have been theoretical only and never tested. It is important to note that in the equations an increasing installation pressure acts to reduce the required composite repair thickness. This experimental test program studied the effects of internal pipe pressure during installation on composite reinforcement systems to verify if the performance of the repair was maintained when applied to simulated corrosion defects. The full-scale testing analyzed the effects on the burst pressure and the cyclic pressure fatigue life of a pipe with a 50% wall loss simulated corrosion defect. The installation pressures considered were varied from 0 up to 50% SMYS. The results of the test are presented and recommendations given for design use in future works.

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Over-the-line Potential Surveys for Indirect Condition Assessment of Water/Waste Water Pipelines: Case Studies

Product Number: 51319-13003-SG

Author: Mersedeh Akhoondan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Failure of water/wastewater mains can result in high visibility repairs customer inconvenience and replacement costs. Preventive measures such as condition assessment for early recognition of corrosion in aging infrastructures is crucial for agencies from resiliency safety and economic standpoints but is not regulated as in the oil & gas industry. Internally deployed tools/technology or external excavations for direct assessment techniques provide valuable insight on the existing condition of buried structures but at a significant cost in terms of shutdown and technology expenses in addition to safety concerns for manned entries into confined spaces. Because of the cost and safety implications large diameter cement mortar lined (CML) pipe extensive and recurring direct assessments are less common in the water and wastewater industries. Indirect assessment techniques particularly the over-the-line potential surveys for condition assessment of water/wastewater lines can be conducted to determine active external corrosion areas. Traditionally over-the-line potential surveys were applied to electrically continuous pipelines. Most water/wastewater pipeline designs utilize rubber gasket bell-and-spigot joints. Unless electrical continuity is intentionally designed for the pipeline such joints result in a pipeline with no electrical continuity. This paper presents multiple case studies where over-the-line potential surveys were successfully applied on electrically discontinuous water pipelines. The results of over-the-line surveys correlated well with direct assessment techniques. The paper presents the methodology and results of such assessments and findings for various pipe materials.

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Chemical & Enhanced Preservation Methodologies to Maintain the Integrity of Joint Operation (JO) Surface Facilities

Product Number: 51323-18792-SG

Author: A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Hamad Al-Ajmi, Tariq Kamshad, Bakheet Al-Yami, Mohamed M. Farah, Hossam Mesbah

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Wafra Joint Operation (WJO) Oilfield is located in the central-west part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The Wafra oilfield reserves were first discovered and wells drilled in 1953 and production in commercial quantities began in 1954. This field produces two types of crude oil, Ratawi (light oil) and Eocene (heavy oil), with average water cut of 80-85%. During operation, the production wells produce the oil emulsion through mostly coated flowlines to sub-centres (SC) where the sour oil, water and gas are separated. The facility has two gathering fields: Eocene and Ratawi. Eocene has 2 phase separation, whilst Ratawi has 3 phase separation.

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SRU Reaction Furnace Waste Heat Boiler Tube Failure Causing Unscheduled Shutdown

Product Number: MPWT19-14391

Author: Qasem J. Al-Hassan, Iyad A. Al-Buraiki

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

A sulfur recovery unit (SRU) train in a gas processing facility went under an emergency shutdown due to the failure of a reaction furnace waste heat boiler (WHB) tube. The failed tube had been in service for approximately 18 years. The failed tube was subjected to a number of metallurgical laboratory examinations in order to determine the damage mechanism and root cause(s) of the failure. Examinations included visual inspection, scale analysis, chemical analysis, metallographic examination and mechanical testing. The examination revealed internal corrosion thinning in the tube which led to rupture since the tube could no longer withstand the pressure. Metallographic examination revealed spheroidized microstructure indicating that the tube experienced high metal temperature. This is suggesting that something was impeding heat transfer between the tube and water. Scale analysis results from a sample collected from the tube internal surface indicated the presence of iron sulfide corrosion products. Based on the aforementioned findings, it was concluded that the corrosion thinning was caused by sulfidation. Sulfidation is one of the potential damage mechanisms in WHB tubes and is caused by reactive sulfur species as a result of the thermal decomposition of sulfur compounds at high temperatures (above 500oF). Failure contributing factors as well as corrective actions to prevent recurrence of such failure are discussed in this paper.

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Conference Proceedings 2018- 11009 through 11182

Product Number: 51318-3

Author: Various

Publication Date: 2018

$0.00

Corrosion 2018 Conference Proceedings 11009 to 11182

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Advanced Coating Technology For Refinery And Petrochemical Applications

Product Number: 51322-17657-SG

Author: Sanjay Lodha

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The formation of carbon deposits and fouling of tubes is one of the most common operational issues regarding the operability and lifetime of materials at an industrial scale. Several billion dollars are spent worldwide on annual basis to upgrade/change materials apart from revenue loss on account of production halt and additional costs incurred in maintenances. Particularly, the carbon deposition in the refining process is an evitable and undesired factor. Most refineries worldwide have vacuum distillation, delayed cokers, visbreakers, or thermal cracking units where coke formation occurs faster due to high temperatures used in the process.

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Biofuel Tank Lining- From Lab to the Field Journey

Product Number: 51324-20722-SG

Author: Steve Liebhart; Ravi Nagarajan; Pedro Escudero

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The unprecedented growth in the use of bio-based feedstocks in the Oil and Gas industry has led to several research efforts on the part of coating manufacturers to determine best options for the lining of feedstock storage tanks. While a few technologies have emerged as good, better, and best candidates to withstand the chemical exposure and storage temperature of the feedstocks, their application requirements for application conditions vary widely. Given the geographical locations of the facilities that are involved in the production of biofuels, the site environmental conditions make some of the lining options less practical than others for the application of the selected technologies. This paper will screen coatings with different physical properties to support the initial selection process. The results of the tested technologies discuss the preselection of linings for various feedstocks for short term storage. The R & D has been scaled up at different part of the world to mitigate corrosion in Biofuels markets. Due to significant growth in bio fuels the raw feed stock supply options keep growing from standard vegetable seed oils and animal fat to remaining agricultural waste, other animal wastes, municipal wastes etc. This increases the unknown variables in the process causing corrosion and solutions to mitigate. These waste to fuel category is attracting diversified feed stocks in offering from the new market. The findings to adopt the fit for purpose approach is aimed in tooling owners and operators in the journey.

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Modeling of Multi-Pipeline Corridor CP Potential Profile with Common Cathodic Protection System

Product Number: 51317--8910-SG

ISBN: 8910 2017 CP

Author: Rogelio De Las Casas

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Analytical solutions of the potential profile of several pipelines in the same right of way (ROW) are coupled with analytical solutions of cathodic protection (CP) groundbeds and modeled in 3-D.

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Failure of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Valves Due to Improper Microstructure

Product Number: 51324-20759-SG

Author: K. Ravindranath; B. Al-Wakaa; A. Ali; Ahmad Al-Swaha; Salem Al-Qahtani

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Cast duplex stainless steels are popularly used in the petroleum industry due to their good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of the applications of cast duplex stainless steels in the petroleum industry is in the manufacture of valves in corrosive service. The good properties of duplex stainless steels are attributed to their balanced microstructure containing austenite and ferrite phases. The balanced microstructure in the duplex stainless-steel components is achieved by the optimum heat treatment and manufacturing process. Improper cooling during manufacturing or accidental exposure of the component to high temperatures can induce the precipitation of secondary phases in the microstructure of duplex stainless steel, which can seriously influence the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The paper deals with the failure investigation of the first-generation cast duplex stainless steel valves that failed in a short duration of service. The microstructure of the failed valve was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties was assessed by hardness measurements, tensile testing, and impact toughness testing. The study indicated that the properties of the duplex stainless-steel valves were affected due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the root cause of the failure was embrittlement caused by the precipitated secondary phases.

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RP-02-74-HD1974-SG, High Voltage Electrical inspection of Pipeline Coatings Prior to Installation

Product Number: RP-02-74-HD1974

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1974

$179.00

Detection and correction of defects in protective coatings by high voltage electrical inspection of pipeline coatings prior to installation is one method in general use. Historical Document 1974

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How Fluoropolymers Resist Chemical Attack across the pH Spectrum

Product Number: 51324-20603-SG

Author: Jason Knapp

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

When chemical process systems require extremely harsh or demanding environments, material selection is critical for providing longevity and preventing downtime. For systems utilizing exceedingly low or high pH chemicals, fluoropolymers are often an excellent choice to prevent corrosion in a system. The strong carbon-fluorine bond allows fluoropolymers to thrive in areas where other materials would be subject to failures. Strong acids are handled exceptionally well by many fluoropolymers, and certain copolymerization reactions with materials such as PVDF can provide a material that holds up to even more challenging situations. This paper will summarize the most commonly used fluoropolymers in the industry, as well as discuss applications where fluoropolymers are used. The paper will also detail why fluoropolymers can resist exceptionally aggressive chemicals, and how PVDF-HFP copolymers improve the corrosion resistance of both low and high pH environments. Case studies will also be provided.

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51317--9802-Determining Biocide Selection and Dosage Recommendation via Planktonic and Sessile Kill Studies and Subsequent Biofilm Regrowth: A Case Study

Product Number: 51317--9802-SG

ISBN: 9802 2017 CP

Author: Zach Broussard

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A three-phase production system in the North Sea was experiencing multiple leaks in the topside separation facilities. To control the microbial contamination in the system, an initial planktonic kill study was performed to select the best possible biocides to provide immediate microbial mitigation to the field.

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