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Use Of The Microalgae Chlorella Sp. To Biofunctionalize Magnesium Surfaces In Order To Decrease The Rate Of Corrosion And Promote The Bone Remodeling Process

Product Number: 51322-18514-SG

Author: Lily Margareth Payares, Virginia Paredes Méndez, Margareth Dugarte , Juan Carlos Rincón Montenegro, Lizeth Gutiérrez Púa

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Frequent ly, the human body is susceptible to injuries such as the fracture of one or more of its bones, so it is necessary to use implants or some fixation element to keep the fragments of the fracture together, allowing an orderly repair that facilitates healing or compensates the lack or loss of bone tissue. Temporary orthopedic implants have been used clinically to repair broken or fractured bones during the healing process. The most used are plates, screws, nails, wires, and intramedullary nails. It is usual ly necessary to perform operations to open the injury site, join the bony pieces with these elements, wait long enough to allow the bones to heal, and then remove them in a second surgery.

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51316-7070-Reliability Assessment Of Offshore Asset Under Pitting Corrosion

Product Number: 51316-7070-SG

ISBN: 7070 2016 CP

Author: Jyoti Bhandari

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Corrosion is a major cause of structural deterioration in the marine/offshore industry. FOr that reason, reliability assessment and maintenance planning of these structures are crucial. In the current work a combination multi-phase phenomenological and mechanistic model for pitting corrosion is tested using Bayesian network (BN) approach.

Available for download

51317-9187-Hydrogen-Enhanced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51317-9187-SG

Author: Baotong Lu / Jingli Luo

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

ffects of hydrogen on stress corrosion cracking behavior of 304 and 310 stainless steels under load were investigated in boiling 42% MgCl2 solution. Cracking was accelerated by the incorporation of hydrogen into the steel without altering the crack growth mechanism.

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51318-11171-Exploring the Corrosion Behavior of Alloy UNS N07718 Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing Under Different Building Directions

Product Number: 51318-11171-SG

Author: Filippo Cappuccini / Angelo Donato / Domenico Di Pietro / Antonella Dimatteo

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

The main scope of this work is to explore different process configurations to understand the corrosion response of additive manufactured alloys and to suggest the parameters to be controlled for future qualification in sour environment.

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51318-11074-Effect of Elastic and Plastic Strain on General Corrosion and Metastable Pitting of Steels

Product Number: 51318-11074-SG

Author: Gaoxiang Wu / Preet M. Singh

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

The influence of elastic strain on general corrosion and metastable pitting is investigated for steels through in-situ test setup. Results from electrochemical tests on specimens with different amounts of in-situ elastic strain.

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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 1

Product Number: 51322-17939-SG

Author: Roy Johnsen, Marie E. Edvardsen, Martin O. Hestvik, Cristian Torres, Jan Ivar Skar, Marion Duparc, Sven Morten Hesjevik

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) have been widely used in oil & gas process systems since the 1980s due to their excellent resistance towards uniform corrosion in aggressive environments such as seawater and produced water containing CO₂, organic acids and/or production chemicals. However, cases of localized corrosion in the form of pitting and crevice corrosion have regularly been observed. As an example, ISO⁽²⁾ 21457 limits the max. operating temperature to 20⁰C for 25 Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750/760) and 6-Mo austenittic stainless steels (UNS S31254) in chlorinated seawater systems, to avoid crevice corrosion.¹

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Effect of CO in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Pipelines in CCS Environments

Product Number: 51324-20647-SG

Author: Gaoxiang (Garret) Wu; Jose Rafael Vera; Ken Evans; Chong Li; William Kovacs

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of various possible impurities in carbon capture and storage (CCS) streams. As a by-product of the methane reforming process to produce blue hydrogen, CO is combusted and converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) and transported in pipelines. However, a trace amount of CO in the presence of oxygen (O2) and water can cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in carbon steel pipelines. This paper assesses the SCC risk of carbon steels induced by CO at different concentrations with or without O2 in lab simulated dense phase CO2 environments. Electrochemical measurements were also conducted to reveal the pseudo-passive behavior of carbon steels in different CO/O2/CO2 systems, and to help understand the resultant SCC behaviors.

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the Upstream Oil & Gas Sector

Product Number: 37674-POD

ISBN: 978-1-57590-424-5

Author: Ali Morshed

$125.00

NEW TITLE AVAILABLE NOW!! The main objective for Dr. Ali Morshed's new book, A Practical Guide to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the Upstream Oil & Gas Sector, was to produce a practical MIC guide to facilitate the identification, monitoring, assessment, and control of bacterial activity and MIC that might arise within assets associated with the upstream oil and gas sector.

“Practical” refers to content that can be readily related to various bacterial and MIC scenarios, which are likely to arise for any upstream operator and (a content which) can be easily used to resolve, rectify, or improve such MIC scenarios.

In brief, this book has been written to further help and facilitate bacterial and MIC troubleshooting for the operators and asset owners concerned.

Five relevant and informative case studies are also included.

2023 AMPP, 114 pgs

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Considerations for Concrete Corrosion Control Alternatives

Product Number: 51217-045-SG

Author: Fred Goodwin

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Approximately one cubic yard of concrete is placed annually per person on the planet with existing concrete estimated to be 30 times this amount (1). This presentation will discuss the basics of concrete, the various alternatives for control of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures, including prevention, protection, and mitigation, and strategies for selection of these alternatives. The pros and cons of each technique will be reviewed as well as the applicability considerations for the life cycle of the structure.

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Corrosion of Pipelines in a Crude Oil Storage Facility

Product Number: 51323-19554-SG

Author: Václav Šefl, Tomas Prosek, Pavel Taraba

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In the literature, corrosion problems associated with crude oil are often categorized into several classes, based on the type of equipment and “distance” from a well. The upstream operations (drilling, pumping) transport crude oil mixed with significant amounts of water and gasses, midstream operations (transport and storage before refining) deals with much drier crude with most of the water and gasses removed and upstream corrosion problems are mostly caused by chemical composition of given specific fraction and high temperature. Corrosion problems in midstream operations are usually not as severe as during drilling and initial transport, however, this step is significantly longer.

Available for download

Cold-Spray Application For In-Field Corrosion And Damage Repair

Product Number: 51323-19086-SG

Author: Joshua P. James

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The need for corrosion mitigation and repair is a perennial concern for a wide array of industries. An attractive evolution in coatings application for mitigating the effects of environmental/operational degradation is cold spray of metallic replacement layers. As cold spray technologies continue to become more commonplace, portable, low-pressure cold spray systems presents an opportunity to bring metallic repair to the field for heavily damaged or corroded assets.

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51316-7193-Influence of Magnesium on SCC Susceptibility of Duplex Stainless Steels in Boiling Solutions

Product Number: 51316-7193-SG

ISBN: 7193 2016 CP

Author: Fiona Ruel

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This paper deals with some problems associated with stress corrosion cracking assessment of duplex stainless steels in boiling concentrated solutions.

Available for download

51317--9741-Corrosion Detection Using Robotic Vehicles in Challenging Environments

Product Number: 51317--9741-SG

ISBN: 9741 2017 CP

Author: Thaddeus Roppel

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Simulation shows that navigation algorithms can guide autonomous vehicles to inspect poles or towers for corrosion, or to inspect enclosed spaces. The algorithms use sensor feature extraction, PID control, dynamic window obstacle avoidance, and genetic algorithm solutions to the traveling-salesman problem.

Available for download

Quantitative Test Method For Vapor Inhibiting Ability Of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51322-17860-SG

Author: Khalil Abed, Mihad Ibrahim, Leitai Yang

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Metallic corrosion is a natural inevitable phenomenon defined commonly as the deterioration of metals due to reactions with their environments. The global cost of corrosion estimated by NACE in 2013 was found to be $2.5 trillion (USD), which is approximately 3.4% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). The two-year global study released at the CORROSION 2016 conference in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, assessed the economics of corrosion and the role of corrosion management in establishing best practices for the different industrial sectors. It found that implementing corrosion prevention best practices could result in global annual savings of 15-35 % of the cost of damage, which is equivalent to $375-875 billion (USD). These estimations excluded the cost of individual safety and environmental consequences from corrosion. Corrosion mitigation has been extensively researched. The methods of corrosion prevention include, but are not limited to, selection of the right material of construction, coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and cathodic protection.^1,2

Available for download

Recent Failures Of Accelerated High Temperature Sulfidation Corrosion In The Oil Refining Industry

Product Number: 51321-16738-SG

Author: Hyungjin Lee, Hyeonsu Chae, Junmo Yang, Jaeseung Kim, Taehyung Kim, Taehyun Choi, Sungsu Cho, Moonyoung Lee, Homin Yun Jongun Lee, Hyeongkeun Choi, Gyutae Park, Hyunjoon Park, Seongyong Jang, Sunhyuk Bae, Jaewoong Kim

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

High temperature sulfidation is one of the oldest damage mechanisms in the refining process such as crude distillation unit, vacuum distillation unit and hydroprocessing unit. Since corrosion proceeds to general corrosion and occurs in a high temperature environment, it is a type of corrosion that can lead to a large fire explosion when a leak occurs.

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Galvanic Corrosion in Water and Wastewater Structures: Coupling Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel Metals Leads to Accelerated Corrosion

Product Number: 51323-19447-SG

Author: Vaughn O’Dea, Dean Wenger, Brian Cheshire

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Galvanic corrosion is one of the eight forms of corrosion classified in corrosion engineering. A galvanic cell is formed when two dissimilar metals are connected electrically while both are immersed in a solution electrolyte. Galvanic coupling of stainless steel and carbon steel metals in water and wastewater structures appears to be a problematic trend that the authors have observed firsthand.

Available for download

Investigating The Effect Of H2S And Corrosion Inhibitor On The Corrosion Of Mild Steel Under High Pressure CO2 Conditions

Product Number: 51322-17943-SG

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi, Fernando Farelas, Luciano Paolinelli, Ahmad Zaki B Abas, Azmi Mohammed Nor, Muhammad Firdaus Suhor

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the corrosion behavior of carbon steels in supercritical CO₂ conditions. Unlike the case of carbon capture and storage (CCS) where small amounts of water are present, the exploitation of fields with high pressures of CO₂ needs to consider the presence of formation water, which presents strong corrosivity. It has been reported that the aqueous corrosion rate of carbon steel at high CO₂ pressures (liquid and supercritical CO₂) without protective FeCO₃ corrosion product layers is very high (>20 mm/y) due to the high concentrations of corrosive species such as H⁺ and H₂CO_³.^1-5 Steels with low Cr contents (i.e., 1% Cr and 3% Cr) have shown no beneficial effect in terms of reducing the corrosion rate to admissible values.6 Therefore, controlling corrosion in these cases usually involves the use of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) or corrosion inhibitors (CI). Adequate protection of carbon steel was achieved by applying CI in high pressure CO₂ environments.⁶

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Corrosion Control in Petroleum Production, Third Edition (e-book)

Product Number: 37646-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-411-5

Author: Robert J. Franco & Timothy Bieri

Publication Date: 2020

$140.00

This greatly updated and expanded third edition of Corrosion Control in Petroleum Production is written for non-experts who have the responsibility for corrosion management of subsurface, surface, and subsea equipment used for producing and processing oil and natural gas. It provides an overview and reference on the different corrosion threats, the methods for controlling corrosion, and the establishment of a management system based on risk and continuous improvement.

The authors, Robert Franco and Tim Bieri, have distilled 80 years of personal experience--as well as the experience from multiple reviewers and contributors--into one comprehensive reference. Included are hundreds of photographs, figures, and tables to illustrate the practical aspects and essential theory of corrosion control and materials selection.

All NACE e-books are available as mobi files. The mobi is a common e-book format that can be opened by many e-book readers, though NACE suggests Kindle for optimized viewing. The Kindle app is available for free on Amazon for iOS (Apple devices), Android devices, MACs, and PCs at https://www.amazon.com/kindleapps

Once you download your e-books, they will automatically open in your Kindle app. To find your book in the future, open the app and click on library. This is where all your future NACE e-books (and all your other mobi e-books) will appear, in your personalized library.

Available for download

51318-11136-Nanoscale Studies of Scale Formation in Sour Environments

Product Number: 51318-11136-SG

Author: Noora Al-Qahtani / Jiahui Qi / Aboubakr M. Abdullah / Nicholas J. Laycock / Mary P. Ryan

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

The role of solution and reaction time on properties of the scales formed on carbon steel in sour environments is discussed: dynamic phase-changes are found to occur, and nanostructure formation emerges during film growth.

Available for download

TM0183--HD1993-SG Evaluation of Internal Plastic Coatings for Corrosion Control of Tubular Goods in an Aqueous Flowing Environment-HD1993

Product Number: 21213-HD1993

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1993

$179.00

Test method…to evaluate and compare the corrosion protection that various internal plastic coatings afford oilfield tubular goods…with flowing water at a given velocity under controlled temperatures for a specified period of time. Historical Document 1993

Available for download

Assessment of CBPC Coating in Wet Exposure

Product Number: 51216-004-SG

Author: Md Ahsan Sabbir, Kingsley Lau, Dale DeFord

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

The performance of a Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic (CBPC) coating was investigated for marine bridge application. Assessment of possible coating degradation and corrosion development was made by physical and electrochemical techniques. Passive-like conditions developed in the chloride-free solutions and formation of oxide product occurred in the chloride solutions. A large degree of oxide product formation throughout the non-scribed coating exposure surface area, consistent with the large, measured corrosion current, was indicative that the ceramic coating had poor barrier coating properties.

Available for download

Materials Compatibility Issues in Biofuels – A Review

Product Number: 51317-10039-SG

ISBN: 0039 2017 CP

Author: Narasi Sridhar

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The storage and transportation of biofuels continue to be of interest. Material compatibility issues arise. For alcohol fuels, stress corrosion cracking of steels, and swelling and leaching of various polymeric materials. This paper will provide an overview of research that has been conducted in alcohol fuels.

Available for download

51317-9103-Application of electrochemical noise technique to monitor carbon steel corrosion under sand deposit

Product Number: 51317-9103-SG

Author: Yang Hou / Chris Aldrich / Katerina Lepkova / Laura Machuca Suarez / Brian Kinsella

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The corrosion process of carbon steel in the presence of silica sand deposit in chloride-containing solution at 30 °C was monitored by use of electrochemical noise (EN). Results demonstrated that electrochemical noise with recurrence quantification analysis is useful for monitoring localized under deposit corrosion.

Available for download

ANSI/NACE MR0175-HD2003-SG Metals for Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sour Oilfield Environments-HD2003

Product Number: 21302-HD2003

ISBN: 1-57590-021-1

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 2003

$179.00

Metallic material requirements to provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and/or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flow line equipment in H2S service. Historical document 2003

Available for download

Challenges in Developing, Deploying, and Transforming Online Corrosion Management Dashboards

Product Number: 51320-14757-SG

Author: Sami M. Al-Ghamdi, Hendrik J. Debruyn, Ricardo S. Costa, Lay Seong Teh

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper discusses the journey Saudi Aramco took during the last decade to introduce the concept of an integrated CM and the associated digital challenges. The focus will be on the online Corrosion Management Dashboard (CMDB) development, deployment, maintenance, and finally transformation. The CMDB scope was recently shifted from monitoring the compliance of corrosion-related parameters to predict CM performance by using the combined effect of different parameters. However, with a void in CM digitalization mandate, effort may not be focused or they do not eventually achieve their full potential.

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The Evaluation Of Corrosion Behavior Of Austenitic Stainless Steels And Ni-Based Alloys In Molten Salts Under Isothermal And Thermal Cycling For Condition Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Product Number: 51322-17529-SG

Author: Qingyang Liu, Richard Barker, Chun Wang, Jiong Qian, Anne Neville, Frederick Pessu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The drive towards renewable energy, requirement for reduction in fossil fuel consumption and emission of carbon dioxide has received substantial attention from governments and researchers worldwide during the last few decades [1]. The exploration of renewable sources of energy has been grouped into wind, geothermal, tidal and solar energy. Solar energy has shown great promise due to the abundant amount of energy reaching the Earth [2, 3]. Electricity generation from solar irradiation can be achieved by photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal conversion [4].

Available for download

Effect of Residual Copper, Nickel, and Chromium on the Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel in Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Services

Product Number: 51393-93623-SG

Author: H.H. Hashim, W.L. Valerioti,

Publication Date: 1993

$20.00

Carbon steel is the main construction material in HYDROFLUORIC ACID (HF) alkylation units. Carbon Steel has good corrosion resistance to anhydrous HF (AHF) below 160 degrees fahrenheit (71 C). The corrosion resistance is due to the formation of an inorganic iron fluoride scale on the carbon steel surface that protects the steel from futher corrosion. The presence of an adherent and continuous scale is essential in keeping the corrosion rate at a minimum.

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51316-7357-The Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Resistance Behavior of 2205 Cu-bearing Duplex Stainless Steel in the Presence of Aerobic Marine Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm

Product Number: 51316-7357-SG

ISBN: 7357 2016 CP

Author: Dake Xu

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

In this study, the MIC resistance behavior of a 2205 Cu-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steel (2205 Cu-DSS) in the presence of marine corrosive bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Electrochemistry evaluation, surface observation, corrosion product analysis were applied.

Available for download

Polyasparatics for Corrosion Protection Applications

Product Number: 41205-208-SG

Author: Edward P. Squiller, Kurt E. Best

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

This paper describes the polyaspartics coating technology and how it can be used to formulate relatively fast drying 2-coat corrosion resistant paints for use on steel substrates. The polyaspartics coating technology offers several advantages over the conventional two- and three-coat paints, including faster re-coat windows leading to an overall faster coating application process and lower costs.

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Use Of The Corrosion Prognostic Health Management (CPHM) System On The Mi-24 Helicopter

Product Number: 51322-17885-SG

Author: Patryk CIĘŻAK, Andrzej LESKI, Piotr SYNASZKO

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This article will improve the existing literature and develop the corrosion industry by expanding the knowledge of the CPHM system. I will also show one of the ways to increase the safety, availability and operational efficiency of aircraft.

Available for download

Organic corrosion inhibitors for the prevention of stress corrosion cracking in 5XXX-series aluminum

Product Number: 51323-19223-SG

Author: Lauryn Baranowski, Ron Cook, Jeannine Elliott, Brian France, Trudy Scholten, Justin Feis, Morgan Sibbald, Douglas Hines, John York, Mark Schultz, Veronica Lemmerman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

5XXX-series aluminum has been used in multiple naval vessels because it offers excellent strength to weight ratios, weldability and low cost. Although 5XXX series aluminum alloys generally provide excellent corrosion resistance, exposure to moderately elevated temperatures (e.g., solar exposure) results in sensitization due to precipitation of the beta phase (Mg2Al3) at the grain boundaries. The sensitization of marine grade aluminum and subsequent material degradation due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and intergranular corrosion (IGC) is a severe problem, causing expensive repairs and out of service time.

Available for download

51318-11641-Practical Cost-Benefit Analysis For Pipeline Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51318-11641-SG

Author: Tony Alfano / Tom Yahner / Dr. William V Harper / Jeff Kobs

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Framework for the management of corrosion life-cycle costs including the assessment of risk over time, the establishment of statistical process control techniques for identifying and evaluating risk decisions - and the methodology.

Available for download

51317-9363-Surface Chemistry of Iron Sulfide Scale and its Influence on Corrosion occurring underneath

Product Number: 51317-9363-SG

Author: Omar Yépez / Nihal Obeyesekere / Jonathan Wylde

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes the formation of a mackinawite scale on carbon steel in a borate buffer pH = 8.4. Then, it was exposed to different buffers with lower pH. The integrity of the scale and the corrosion occurring underneath was monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Available for download

Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51322-17538-SG

Author: Kyohei Kanki, Katsuhiro Nishihara, Masayuki Sagara, Hisashi Amaya, Hideki Takabe

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H₂S and CO₂. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO₂ gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.

Available for download

Use Of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor For Tank Bottom Protection

Product Number: 51322-17879-SG

Author: Muhammad A. Sherwani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

EWPD of Saudi Aramco is the custodian of five large volume crude oil storage tanks with diameter of 106 m (348’) and 110 m (360’), where the crude oil is stored and transported from eastern region to western region. The tank which is being addressed in this paper is an API¹ 650 with floating roof. Its capacity is 1,013,000 barrels and its diameter is 110 m. This tank was built in 1978 on an oily sand pad and reinforced concrete ring wall. The inboard and sketch plates are 6.35 mm thick, and annular plates are 16 mm thick

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96629 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS CORROSION AND TESTING

Product Number: 51300-96629-SG

ISBN: 96629 1996 CP

Author: Robert Baboian

$20.00

Available for download

Hydrogen Embrittlement Failure Of Nickel Alloy UNS N07716-140 Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve Component Installed In A Sour Production Gas Well

Product Number: 51322-17709-SG

Author: Iyad Al-Buraiki, Qasem Alhassan, Karthik Krishnan, Wade Meaders

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A 9-5/8 inch (244.8 mm) Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve (TRSV), which is a type of Sub Surface Safety Valve (SSSV) governed by API Specification 14A, was found to have failed when retrieved during workover operations in a gas production well in June 2019. This TRSV was installed in the well in November 2013 and was in production service from 2015 until November 2018 when the well was shut in for maintenance of surface equipment. In March 2019, with the well still shut in for maintenance, a rapid increase in the tubing-casing annulus (TCA) pressure was observed.

Available for download

Combatting Corrosion in Gas Sweetening Processes: Insight from Amine Treatment Case Studies

Product Number: 51324-21052-SG

Author: Abdullah M. Alratoee; Ibrahim A. Albrahim; Ricardo S. Costa; Sayee Raghunathan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Amine solutions have been widely used to remove acid gases at gas treatment units found in gas plants, refineries and other facilities. Corrosion is always a challenge for these units, particularly for carbon steel equipment or piping that are processing hot amines. Amines are noncorrosive by nature. However, once acid gases are dissolved in amines, they act as strong electrolytes, which significantly increase the susceptibly of carbon steel components to corrode. Temperature, acid gas loading, velocity, and degradation products are the primary factors that influence amine corrosion. This paper presents Saudi Aramco experience with corrosion challenges encountered in hot diethylene glycol amine (DGA) piping circuits and equipment. Corrosion was identified at two locations which are the rich amine inlet piping to stripper and the stripper column. The paper also details the adequate corrosion control measures to reduce the corrosion risk and ensure asset integrity. Furthermore, the paper discusses the maximum recommended temperature limit for rich amine streams, derived from hands-on experience and an in-house built corrosion prediction model. The results and conclusions provide valuable insights, offering a clear path forward for addressing corrosion challenges in similar amine systems and fostering a safer and more efficient operation.

Available for download

Experimental Design Considerations for Exposure of Surrogate Fe in Assessing Atmospheric Corrosion in a Marine Environment

Product Number: 51324-21077-SG

Author: Alexander Johnson; Christine Sanders; Raymond Santucci; Sheri Stanke

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A rigorous assessment of marine atmospheric corrosion at a controlled NRL test site in Key West Florida was conducted. Certain factors which have been previously implicated in the literature as controlling, or at least heavily influencing, the corrosion of engineering materials in atmospheric exposure were isolated and explored. In this study, low carbon steel witness coupons were exposed to assess atmospheric corrosion. In particular, the effect of steel alloy type, coupon width, location, and exposure condition were tested. Coupons were exposed under ambient condition, sprayed with sea water, or rinsed with clear water. Results were assessed in terms of steel mass loss. Several important findings relevant to experimental design of atmospheric corrosion were assessed. Coupons treated with sea water experienced substantially greater corrosion rates compared to coupons exposed ambiently. Samples rinsed with clear water experienced lesser corrosion rates compared to ambiently exposed samples. Furthermore, corrosion rate differed by location: coupons exposed closer to the salty ocean water experienced greater corrosion compared to ones exposed further inland. Coupons with a thinner width also had greater area-normalized corrosion compared to wider coupons. The results of this study will benefit the entire atmospheric corrosion community since it establishes what the best practices are for exposure.

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Corrosion Sensors Led In-Service Performance Assessment of Steel Pile Wrapping/Jacketing Systems on Marine Structures in Australia

Product Number: 51320-14511-SG

Author: W. Green, G. Will, J. Katen, A. Collison

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The use of corrosion sensors for remote monitoring of infrastructure assets has become more frequent in recent years. Corrosion sensors utilizing the electrical resistance (ER) method have been developed, in which the resistance of a test sample is used to infer thickness change and hence corrosion rate. ER corrosion sensors have been deployed on various structures including marine wharves, bridges and coal processing facilities. On some marine wharf structures and some marine coastal bridges the performance of jacketed petrolatum-based tape wrapping systems on steel piles has been assessed including on steel piles suffering from accelerated low water corrosion (ALWC) and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The paper provides some relevant discussion of the corrosion and its mechanisms prevalent to marine wharf and bridge steel piles in Eastern Australia, Southern Australia and Western Australia as well as the pile wrapping/jacketing systems installed and being performance monitored in-situ. Details are provided of the corrosion sensors. An assessment of the results obtained to-date for up to 3 years of in-situ exposure has been made.

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51316-7224-A Study of Reactivation Process of Passivated Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Radioactive Waste

Product Number: 51316-7227-SG

ISBN: 7227 2016 CP

Author: Xiaoji Li

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Repeated cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) measurements were performed in different environments for both carbon steel and Type 304L stainless steel. The effect of different environmental species, nitrite and hydroxide on repassivation/reactivation mechanism of carbon steel is examined.

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51317--9531-Reinforced Concrete Corrosion Damage Forecast with Potential Dependent Threshold: Sensitivity to System Parameters

Product Number: 51317--9531-SG

ISBN: 9531 2017 CP

Author: Andrea Sanchez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The phenomenon of a potential-dependent chloride threshold (PDT) along with the corrosion macrocell coupling between active and passive steel assembly components allows to combine a corrosion initiation-propagation model to forecast the durability of reinforced concrete structures in marine service.

Available for download

TM0193-HD1993-SG Laboratory Corrosion Testing of Metals in Static Chemical Cleaning Solutions at Temperatures Below 93 °C (200 °F)-HD1993

Product Number: 21223-HD1993

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1993

$179.00

Method for measuring the relative corrosivity of inhibited solutions used for chemical cleaning in a static system. The tests consist of exposing metallic coupons to cleaning solvents under controlled conditions. Historical Document 1993

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00390 ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF MIC IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE 20TH CENTURY

Product Number: 51300-00390-SG

ISBN: 00390 2000 CP

Author: Rupi Prasad

$20.00

Available for download

51318-11338-Weathering Steel Corrosion Study at 30 sites in South Florida

Product Number: 51318-11338-SG

Author: Richard D. Granata / Mahmoud Madani

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

A606-04 steel panels (same composition as A588 weathering steel) were exposed at 30 sites in southeast Florida for periods of up to 3.5 years. The distances of the sites from the east coastline ranged from 0.1 mi to 21 mi.

Available for download

Preliminary Results from the NIST Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Test Facility

Product Number: 51317--9454-SG

ISBN: 9454 2017 CP

Author: Brandi Clark

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Test Facility is equipped with 3 high-temperature, high-pressure vessels and a gas-phase Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) for simultaneous in situ monitoring of key contaminants. This paper outlines the capabilities of this new National Institute of Standards and Technology facility.

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51316-7034-Seawater Cooler Tubes: Corrosion And Leaks Due To Microbiologically Induced Corrosion

Product Number: 51316-7034-SG

ISBN: 7034 2016 CP

Author: Khalid Alnabulsi

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Refining industry cooling systems are prone to many different corrosion deterioration mechanisms one of which is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The study resulted in the development of a comprehensive control and monitoring plan to safeguard the integrity of the system.

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Using Digital Image Correlation to Improve Stress-Corrosion Cracking Evaluation by NACE TM0177-B

Product Number: 51317--8992-SG

ISBN: 8992 2017 CP

Author: Brandi Clark

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

NACE TM0177 Method B is a standard method for evaluating stress-corrosion cracking resistance. Here, Digital Image Correlation determined strain distributions over the surface of bend samples made from corrosion-resistant alloys.

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance