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96009 FRACTURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF C02 CORROSION PRODUCT SCALES AND THEIR RELATION TO LOCALIZED CORROSION

Product Number: 51300-96009-SG

ISBN: 96009 1996 CP

Author: G. Schmitt, T. Gudde and E. Strobel-Effertz

Publication Date: 1996

$20.00

Fracture mechanical properties of scales from wet corrosion were considered with respect to the initiation steps of flow induced localized corrosion (FILC) of steel under conditions of scale forming corrosion processes.

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Characterization of Stress-Corrosion-Cracking in Plutonium-Bearing Storage Containers

Product Number: 51324-20845-SG

Author: Emmanuel Perez; Roderick E. Fuentes; Michael J. Martínez-Rodríguez; Henry Ajo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Integrated Surveillance Program, under the Department of Energy, is responsible for the periodic surveillance of storage containers containing plutonium-bearing materials. The container-package consist of a stainless-steel three-layered structure with a convenience can that confines the material, and seal-welded inner and outer cans designed to isolate the materials for up to 50 years with minimal surveillance. The inner-can represents the first layer of material containment, and it should not be breached. During monitoring, corrosion-pitting and suspected stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) has been identified in some of the inner cans near the weld regions due to the transport of chloride salts and water impurities into the space between the convenience can and the inner can. SCC through wall penetration would result in an undesired increased risk of leakage. An investigation is in progress to identify and characterize corrosion events in the inner-cans to determine the prevalence of corrosion features and the likelihood of a through-wall breach. This document presents a specimen where significant pitting corrosion and cracking was observed in and near the heat affected zone between the can and the lid. Characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 3D-tomography. Tomography was carried out using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to mill into the surface of the specimen to map the subsurface topographies of pits and cracks. The study revealed the crack depth and secondary cracks that developed from cracks observed at the surface.

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TM0198-HD1998-SG Slow Strain Rate Test Method for Screening Corrosion-Resistant Alloys (CRAs) for Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sour Oilfield Service-HD1998

Product Number: 21232-HD1998

ISBN: 1-57590-051-3

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1998

$179.00

This standard establishes a SSR test method for screening CRA materials (i.e., stainless steels and nickel-base alloys) for resistance to SCC at elevated temperatures in sour oilfield production environments. Historical Document 1998

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Optimization of Corrosion Inhibitor Application Using Modular Automated Corrosion Control Centers

Product Number: 41206-278-SG

Author: Wayne Powell

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

In the 1990s, military assets transported shipboard to overseas locations by the U.S. Army arrived at their destinations already corroded due to saltwater. In response to this problem, U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) began manually applying spray-on corrosion inhibitor (CI) to assets prior to transportation and realized a significant reduction in corrosion. However, due to an increase in the volume of military assets being transported overseas, manual application of CI soon proved too time-consuming and costly.

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TR46107-2020 “Control of Corrosion, Deposition, and Microbiological Growth in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Recirculating Water Systems in Buildings”

Product Number: TR46107-2020

Publication Date: 2020

$109.00

This technical report applies to water-using cooling and heating systems in buildings. It provides information for minimizing system damage and operational interference because of corrosion, scale, fouling, and microbiological growth in building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This includes open and closed circulating water systems, low-pressure steam boilers and hot water “boilers.” The document also addresses thermal energy storage systems, but does not address potable water or fire protection systems. It is intended for use by building owners and engineering, maintenance, and operations management personnel. It is also intended for use by those involved in the design and construction of building HVAC systems so that corrosion, scale, fouling, and microbiological growth problems described above can be understood, anticipated, and minimized through appropriate design decisions.

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Corrosion Of Wrought And Cast Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo Alloys In High-Temperature Brines And CO2-Rich Supercritical Phases With Oxygen And Hydrogen Sulfide

Product Number: 51322-17882-SG

Author: Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is part of decarbonization solutions to reduce green-house gas emissions, as exemplified by the growing number of capital expenditure projects worldwide.^1-2 In CCUS, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) is consecutively (1) captured at origin, such as power plants and natural gas production sites, (2) separated from other gases and impurities, (3) compressed, (4) transported through pipelines, and finally (5) injected into a storage site such as deleted hydrocarbon wells, saline aquafers, coal beds, underground caverns, or seawater.^1,3 Since the 1970s, specifically the first commercial carbon dioxide flooding in the United States (known as SACROC), carbon dioxide sequestration has been largely discussed in the context of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), not in the newer context of Sustainability. Nonetheless, substantial experience has been drawn from EOR, including for the selection of the right and economical materials.⁴ As reflected by the literature, past materials test programs have rarely given any attention to downhole jewelry alloys compared to tubulars or surface-infrastructure alloys, and consequently the track records for such bar-stock alloys are either inexistent or not readily available. ^5-7 This lack of apparent return-on-experience represents a knowledge gap against the prospect of a safe greenhouse gas control method; needless to say, it also justifies the requirements for reliable well integrity monitoring solutions in carbon dioxide sequestration wells.^8-9

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02382 Update on an Information System for High Temperature Corrosion

Product Number: 51300-02382-SG

ISBN: 02382 2002 CP

Author: R. C. John, A. D. Pelton, A. L. Young, W. T. Thompson, I. G. Wright and T. M. Besmann, and M. A. Ha

Publication Date: 2002

$20.00

This presentation summarizes the development and expansion of a comprehensive information system for corrosion of metals and alloys in high temperature gases. New insights in analysis of thermochemical data for the Fe-Ni-Cr-Co-C-O-S-N system are being compiled. Corrosion mechanisms emphasized are oxidation, sulfidation, sulfidation/oxidation, and carburization.

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Investigation on Metal Dusting Corrosion Phenomena Over Incoloy 800

Product Number: 51317--9439-SG

ISBN: 9439 2017 CP

Author: Xiaoyang Guo

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

UNS N08800 alloy coupons were prepared, polished and oxidized in diluted steam at 540 ºC. Formation of carbon on the surface of the pre-oxidized samples was investigated by exposure to reducing, highly carburizing atmosphere (CO in Ar) at 20 bar and varying temperature (550- 750 ºC).

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07244 Mitigation of Galvanic Corrosion in Seawater Piping Systems

Product Number: 51300-07244-SG

ISBN: 07244 2007 CP

Author: Brett M. Tossey and John A. Beavers

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Results of laboratory testing of a new technology for mitigating galvanic corrosion. Incorporated into a device, referred to as the galvanic corrosion inhibiting coupling (GCIC) or bi-electrode device (BED), it creates an ohmic potential drop within the pipe and minimizes the polarization of the dissimilar metals.

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Recent Advance in Corrosion Monitoring of Atmospheric Corrosion

Product Number: 51319-12713-SG

Author: Dominique Thierry

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A compact and autonomous corrosion sensor using the principle of electrical resistance variations of its metallic sensitive tracks has been used for different applications under atmospheric corrosion conditions. The measurement of the corrosion rate is performed in-situ both under laboratory and field exposure. From the results it is possible to better understand the atmospheric corrosion of steel and hot-dip galvanised steel under various exposure conditions. The technique should also allow the design of realistic and reliable corrosion tests for different indiustrial applications.

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A New Prediction Tool For Sulfidation Corrosion In Crude Units

Product Number: 51321-16762-SG

Author: Kazuhiro Toba, Shinji Miyamoto, Satoshi Tokuoka

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

In recent years, unexpected failure caused by sulfidation corrosion have increased presumably because many refineries diversify the crude oils to process them. Crude oils contain corrosive species such as sulfides, nitrides, chlorides, organic acids and chemical additives. In these corrosive species, sulfides in the fluids cause sulfidation corrosion operating at temperature above approximately 260 °C1.

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09377 Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance for Materials in Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51300-09377-SG

ISBN: 09377 2009 CP

Author: Markus Finke, Ralph Babler, Ali Saadat, Rolf Kirchheiner and Andreas Burkert

Publication Date: 2009

$20.00

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51318-11382-Determination of Precursor Sites for Pitting Corrosion of UNS N07718 in Cl-Environments – Part 1. Experimental Setup

Product Number: 51318-11382-SG

Author: Louis F. Garfias / S. R. Taylor / Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper / Jutta Klöwer / Julia Botinha / Luis F. Garfias-Mesias

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Simultaneous in-situ micro-visualization and electrochemical testing was done on small electrodes from UNS N07718 immersed in artificial seawater at room temperature.

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51318-11232- Mechanism of CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel: a New Narrative

Product Number: 51318-11232-SG

Author: Aria Kahyarian, Bruce Brown, and Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

The increased corrosion rates of mild steel in acidic solutions in the presence of CO2, previously associated with carbonic acid direct reduction, are in fact due to the increased rate of iron dissolution in the presence of CO2

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Integrated Coating System For Corrosion Protection Of Carbon Steel In Artificial Geothermal Brine

Product Number: 51322-17708-SG

Author: Gabriela Aristia, Le Quynh Hoa, Ralph Bäßler

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Geothermal energy is a promising choice for alternative energy resources due to its reliability and low CO₂ emissions. One way to harness this energy, is to extract hot fluid from a geothermal well. Geothermal fluids are a complex medium with different physical and chemical properties depending on the location and depth of a geothermal well. Thus, these fluids can be corrosive to the geothermal power plant depending on the corrosivity class. The geothermal power plant consists of various parts, such as pipelines and heat exchangers. For continuous power generation, this power plant should be safe and durable. Therefore, it is important to protect the infrastructure in this environment from corrosion.

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51318-11140-Corrosion Risk and Mitigation in Building Water Systems

Product Number: 51318-11140-SG

Author: Mehgooz Zamanzadeh / George T. Bayer / Martin C. Latona / James R. Datesh /

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper explores four specific modes of failure. 1. The dezincification of brass. 2. Problems that plague galvanized pipe. 3. Graphitization of cast iron. 4. Pitting corrosion of stainless steel due to effects of manganese.

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51317--9650-Effect of Biocides and Corrosion Inhibitors On SRB-Mediated MIC Under Flow Conditions

Product Number: 51317--9650-SG

ISBN: 9650 2017 CP

Author: Gerrit Voordouw

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Biocides and corrosion inhibitors can decrease corrosion in stagnant and flowing systems. We used 1 ml syringe columns packed with 60 carbon steel beads (55 mg each), which were continuously injected with the effluent of an sulfur reducing bacteria continuous culture chemostat, to monitor corrosion under flow conditions.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Corrosion Scales in Braking Systems

Product Number: 51320-14687-SG

Author: Marco Bandiera, Andrea Bonfanti, Andrea Mauri, Alessandro Mancini, Massimiliano Bestetti, Federico Bertasi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In this work selected corrosion phenomena occurring in disc brake systems are reviewed. For the first time, a galvanic series, summarizing the electrochemical performance of several brake system components, is presented and case studies are discussed as well. The case studies focus on corrosion issues which are related with the three major components of a car disc brake system, namely the: a) Aluminum caliper; b) brake pads and associated friction materials; and c) cast iron disc. It is shown that: a) the parameters for the anodization of Aluminum calipers should be carefully tuned on the basis of the specific Al alloy, in order to obtain an anodic layer capable to withstand the galvanic coupling existing between the caliper and nobler components; b) friction materials composition must be optimized in order to avoid shear adhesion phenomena between brake pad and disc due to the growth of corrosion products at the interface between the two; and c) it is possible to mitigate the corrosion of cast iron brake discs by modulating the carbon morphology, alloy elements concentration and microstructure. The manuscript demonstrates that electrochemical techniques are of fundamental importance in order to pursue a corrosion-resistance-oriented design of future braking systems for automotive applications.

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SP21430-2019, “Standard Framework for Establishing Corrosion Management Systems”

Product Number: 21430-2019

ISBN: 1-57590-396-2

Publication Date: 2019

$109.00

A corrosion management system (CMS) for assets is described in this Standard. The framework is intended to be applicable to a wide variety of asset types and is not focused on a particular industry or sector. Non-mandatory guidance is provided throughout this Standard to aid users with implementing the Standard. The framework in this Standard can be utilized to develop a stand-alone CMS or to integrate corrosion management into an organization’s existing management system. Additionally, some processes covered in this framework may already be implemented by an organization, for example, management of change (MOC). An organization may modify their existing processes to address the elements identified in this framework.

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Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Hydrotreatment Reactor Effluent Line Nozzles in Biorefineries

Product Number: 51324-20725-SG

Author: Fiona Ruel; Mathieu Perrin; Michael Echard; Thierry Cholley; Lionel Renaud

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

With the growing demand for second-generation biofuels, biorefineries are increasingly exposed to the risk of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) deposition. While deposition temperatures have been considered to mitigate this risk, unexpected shutdowns in biorefineries continue to occur due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the nozzles in the hydrotreatment reactor effluent line. This paper presents an investigation aimed at identifying the causes of SCC and proposes a review of the potential and severity of NH4Cl corrosion in relation to water availability. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to SCC and NH4Cl corrosion can aid in developing effective mitigation strategies and maintaining the integrity of biorefinery equipment.

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51318-10844-Laboratory and Field Investigation of the Effect of the Chemical Environment on AC Corrosion

Product Number: 51318-10844-SG

Author: Andreas Junker / Casey Heinrich / Lars Vendelbo Nielsen / Per Møller

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Laboratory soil-box experiments to understand the effect of specific chemical constituents in soil on corrosion in relation to the AC and DC current densities. A field investigation of AC corrosion on an operational pipeline is also presented.

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Corrosion Looping for Down Stream Petroleum Plants: An Enigma for RBI Engineers A Perspective From the Review of Mechanical Integrity Systems

Product Number: 51317--9178-SG

ISBN: 9178 2017 CP

Author: Muazu Mohammed

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A review of the issues in the implementations of Risk Based Inspection (RBI) system for refineries and petrochemicals - to simplify and harmonize corrosion loops (as captured on Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)) and corrosion circuits as captured in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).

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Detecting Hidden Integrity Threats Using CP Current In-Line Inspection Tools

Product Number: 51317--8883-SG

ISBN: 8883 2017 CP

Author: David Williams

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper provides case histories from four (4) successful Cathodic Protection Current In-line Inspections (CPC-ILI). Details of the findings and actions taken by the clients are presented.

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Guidance for Materials Selection and Corrosion Control in CO2 Transport and Injection for Carbon Capture and Storage

Product Number: 51322-17726-SG

Author: J. Sonke, S.J. Paterson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The aim of this work is to identify an approach to materials selection and corrosion control that can address the specific requirements of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. This work is largely based on the accumulated knowledge and expertise that has been published. Besides the direct guidance from this document, specific topics may require more detail that can be found in the references.

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Corrosion Performance Of Various Types Of Welded And Seamless Tubulars Of Ni-Mo And Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys In Standard Acids And Other Selected Environments

Product Number: 51322-17619-SG

Author: Ling Chen, Vinay Deodeshmukh, Rusty White, Kenneth Newlen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are vitally important materials in chemical processing, petrochemical, agrichemical and pharmaceutical industries. When aggressive process streams are involved, corrosion-resistant alloys are selected for applications such as heat exchangers, reactors, pressure vessels and/or other process equipment in various industry sectors.¹ The Ni-Mo alloys provide excellent resistance to reducing hydrochloric and sulfuric acids over large ranges of concentration and temperature. They also resist pure hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and other non-oxidizing halide salt solutions.

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51318-10798-Development of a Practical Model for H2S Corrosion Prediction for Upstream Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: 51318-10798-SG

Author: J. Sonke / Y. Zheng / W.M. Bos

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

An improved sour corrosion model was developed based on: • A bare steel sour electrochemical corrosion model, derived from published literature • Mechanisms that affect scale performance and trigger localised corrosion • A specific elemental sulphur degradation mechanism • Corrosion mitigation strategy

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Molecular Deep Dive Into Oilfield Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A Detailed Case Study Of MIC Failure Analysis In An Unconventional Asset

Product Number: 51322-17948-SG

Author: David G. Leach, Wei Wang, Chao Yan, Dillon Mattis, Ron MacLeod, Wei Wei

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a key oilfield problem associated with microbial activity, and can be described as the accelerated corrosion of surfaces (usually concrete or iron/steel) by the biological action of naturally present or externally introduced microorganisms. MIC incidents can occur anywhere that a system is exposed to the environment, where microorganisms can enter often via fluid flow and colonize various surfaces for their own growth. MIC is a persistent concern in practically any upstream, midstream, or downstream system where water could be present for microorganism colonization, including topside, subsurface, aerobic (with oxygen), anaerobic (without oxygen), and at extreme temperatures and salinities.

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Naphthenic Acid Corrosion in a High TAN Condensing Overhead System

Product Number: 51317--9095-SG

ISBN: 9095 2017 CP

Author: Kwadwo Sarpong

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A case history where an ethoxylated thio-phosphate ester was successfully used to mitigate low temperature naphthenic acid corrosion in a high total acid number condensing overhead system in which a traditional imidazoline corrosion inhibitor failed.

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A real-time matrix based corrosion monitoring system

Product Number: 51322-18130-SG

Author: Hanne Martinussen, Fredrik Sandquist

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pipeline integrity management and practices have been systemized through standards(1), and one important aspect in integrity management is corrosion monitoring. Corrosion monitoring by using permanently installed equipment has increased in the past years⁽²⁾. By using permanently installed ultrasound transducer (UT) sensors and automating signal processing and communication, a more costefficient corrosion management program can be obtained. Ultrasound techniques have been developed to complement traditional inspection with monitoring to improve cost efficiency of pipeline integrity management.

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Management of Corrosion in Shale Development

Product Number: 51319-13189-SG

Author: Sytze Huizinga

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

In recent years production of oil and gas from shale formations has multiplied and now contributes significantly to oil and gas supply. This type of unconventional production differs from historical conventional approaches with far reaching consequences for asset integrity management.The present paper outlines corrosion threats associated with shale development including acidizing fracing flowback CO2 and H2S in produced fluids and artificial lift. Usually little detailed information about corrosive exposure is available upfront. The production mode contributes to complex and highly variable environmental conditions. Corrosion cracking and weight loss corrosion of well completion materials are known to have occurred.Whereas classical asset integrity management is usually rolled out over many years the typical timescale in shale production ranges from just months to a few years driving low-cost quick earn-back scenarios. This paper discussed the consequences for materials selection and corrosion control.

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TM0274-1974, Dynamic Corrosion Testing of Metals in High Temperature Water

Product Number: 53022-HD1974

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1974

$179.00

A pilot plant method for determining the extent and rate of uniform corrosion of metals in circulating, high temperature water or aqueous solutions at temperature >100 C (212 F) but < ~360 C (680 F). Historical Document 1974

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Acceptance Testing for Coatings in Insulated Service

Product Number: 51217-057-SG

Author: Michael F. MeLampy

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Generic descriptions of a coating material does not always ensure that it will perform in the CUI service. Testing and acceptance criteria will help owners to ensure that specific coating materials can provide service as required in industrial CUI environments. The intent of these test procedures is not to rank coatings, but test and accept coatings for use in specifications for actual application.

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51314-3903-Evaluation of Heavy-Walled High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing for Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance

Product Number: 51314-3903-SG

ISBN: 3903 2014 CP

Author: Karthik Krishnan

Publication Date: 2014

$0.00

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Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning in Integrated External Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51323-19393-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden, Joseph Mazzella, Keith Parker, Christophe Baete

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Managing external corrosion, especially for underground assets, is a significant challenge dating back to the first underground pipeline in 1865. The very first issue of the journal, CORROSION, featured a headline story on this subject. This subject is fundamental for corrosion engineers and pipeline operators.

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RP0173-1973, Collection and Identification of Corrosion Products

Product Number: 53014-HD1973

Author: NACE

Publication Date: 1973

$179.00

This recommended practice provides guidelines which are applicable to most situations in which corrosion products are to be collected and analyzed. Historical document 1973

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Corrosion Resistance Evaluation Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel In Supercritical CO2 Saturated Liquid Phase Containing Impurities O2 Or SO2

Product Number: 51322-17602-SG

Author: Daisuke Matsuo, Masayuki Sagara, Yuji Arai, Hisashi Amaya, Kyohei Kanki

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies to achieve the net-zero emission. One of the CCUS method is CO₂ injection to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers and storage (CCS). The CO₂ emitted from fossil fuel-based powers and industrial plants are captured and transported to the injection point by ships or pipe line. Following that, the dense phase or supercritical phase CO₂ will be injected to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers through oil country tubular goods, for examples, seamless pipe.

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Study of Scribe Type on Accelerated Underfilm Corrosion Creep

Product Number: 41211-642-SG

Author: Carl W. Reed

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

The creepage of corrosion underneath a coatings film applied to a steel test panel is often used as a performance test for the anti-corrosion properties of a coating system. Creepage is defined as the degree of corrosion (usually measured in mm) emanating away from a scribe line underneath a coating film applied to a steel substrate. There are several factors which may affect the degree of corrosion creep, one of which is the type and width of scribe cut into the coatings film to the steel substrate. There is a variety of scribing methods used in various test methods and specifications; however it is unclear if there is actually a performance difference observed in corrosion creep when using different scribe types.

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NACE Publication 5A192-2004 Integrity of Equipment in Anhydrous Ammonia Storage and Handling

Product Number: 24061-SG

Publication Date: 2004

$179.00

HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon and low alloy steels in anhydrous ammonia service. To provide the corrosion engineer with the information to make decisions in individual applications.

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Failure Analysis On A Carbon Steel Pulsation Dampener In Glycol Service Using Statistical Fractography Highlights A Stress Corrosion Cracking Contribution

Product Number: 51322-17774-SG

Author: Bruce Cowe, Hervé Marchebois, Gustavo Gimenes, Laurent Ponson, Nicolas Auvray

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A cold-worked carbon steel pulsation dampener located on a glycol circulation pump failed catastrophically in service. The two parts of the failed dampener were projected several tens of meters across the offshore facility. The failure was investigated initially using traditional metallurgical techniques, but this failed to reach a conclusive failure mechanism.

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Distribution of Corrosion Attacks in Sour Pipelines – A Parametric Study

Product Number: 51323-18981-SG

Author: Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Layan AlSharif, Faisal Abbas, Christian Canto Maya

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In pipeline corrosion management practice, one challenge is how to locate the most corrosive area along the right-of-way of an existing pipeline. Pipeline networks are complex systems containing different grades of multiphase crude oil coming from dissimilar reservoirs, which results in fluids having dissimilar chemical and physical properties along each network. The fluid starts flowing into a pipeline at a certain pressure, temperature, and associated velocity.

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07172 Through-Wall Radiography to Locate and Evaluate Internal Corrosion in Piping

Product Number: 51300-07172-SG

ISBN: 07172 2007 CP

Author: Joseph M. Galbraith, George Williamson, and Michael Creech

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

This paper describes use of through-wall radiography to produce the information required to determine the integrity of corroded piping, and includes examples of its use in various situations.

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Corrosion Control Knowledge Sharing Network: Fighting the War on Corrosion from Multiple Fronts

Product Number: 41213-770-SG

Author: Steve Melsom, Linda Stiles, Joe Welsh

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

Corrosion is one of the leading maintenance costs across the United States Surface Navy, with approximately 25 cents of every dollar spent on maintenance going towards fighting or correcting corrosion. In addition to the huge financial burden, corrosion can limit the ability of our Navy’s ships to meet operational commitments and even prevent them from achieving their expected service life (ESL).

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Evaluating Corrosion under Protective Coatings for Steel in Marine Environments

Product Number: 51218-100-SG

Author: Patrick Cassidy, James A. Ellor

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Protective organic coatings are the primary form of corrosion control for steel structures exposed in a marine environment. For more than fifty years, testing of coatings suitable for various service environments has relied substantially on exposure of coated steel panels of different configurations followed by evaluation via visual inspection. Exposure may include accelerated testing or natural environmental exposure in immersion or atmospheric conditions.

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Quantifying Effect of Hydrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Free Fatty Acid Corrosion in Renewable Diesel Applications

Product Number: 51324-20864-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan; Winston Robbins; Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Production of Renewable Diesel (RD) and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) from bio / natural oils has seen significant investment in recent years, stemming from worldwide government mandated need to reduce fossil fuel CO2 emissions. New investments have occurred in retrofitting / adapting existing refinery hydroprocessing infrastructure to process natural oils or coprocess natural oils blended with crudes to produce RD and SAF. This stems from the fact that natural oils have the hydrocarbon (HC) structures to fit within the mid-distillate fuel product such as diesel and aviation fuel as well as that these processes are optimized for removal of unwanted Sulfur and Oxygen removal. In Corrosion/2023, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model to quantify FFA corrosion as a function of temperature and FFA concentration. This model exploited the similarity of FFA to carboxylic acids, akin to naphthenic acids found in conventional refinery crude unit process streams, especially in case of unsaturated FFA. A key aspect of modeling corrosion for FFA is the inhibitive role of hydrogen in the presence of Iron sulfide species. While natural oils do not contain sulfur compounds, presence of reactive sulfur species such as thiols and sulfides in coprocessing applications provides an easy pathway to provide for the formation of a potentially protective nano barrier layer of FeS. Further, the presence of FeS acts as a catalyst towards dissociation of molecular H2 to atomic H and subsequent reduction of FFA through atomic hydrogen. A threshold H2 partial pressure is required to ensure hydrogen reduction of FFA is kinetically dominant when compared to acid corrosion of Fe. Residence time of acid is another key parameter that will impact propensity for corrosion and / or H2 inhibition and is considered in the development of the prediction model. A framework incorporating the effects of H2 partial pressure, residence time and reactive S concentration is proposed for assessing FFA corrosion for various commonly utilized natural oils in renewable applications.

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In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Study Of Microstructure Dependent Inhibitor Adsorption Mechanism On Carbon Steel

Product Number: 51322-17739-SG

Author: H. Wang, B. Brown, S. Nesic, A. Pailleret

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) are used for many pipeline and wellhead components associated with oil and gas production environments but may be considered too costly for longer crude oil and natural gas production lines. Mitigation of internal corrosion for these types of pipelines is normally carried out by batch treatment or continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors, especially the surfactant type of organic inhibitors, which are more economical than using a CRA.

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Electrochemical Behavior Of Transmission Pipeline Steels In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Product Number: 51322-17592-SG

Author: Zineb Belarbi, Lucas Teeter, Richard E. Chinn, Margaret Ziomek- Moroz, Ömer N. Doğan

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

High-pressure steel pipeline is a common, cost-effective method for transporting CO₂ from its point of capture to storage sites¹. In pipeline transport systems, CO₂ is mostly transported in its liquid or supercritical phase, depending on the operating pressure^2,3, which requires compression of CO₂ gas to a pressure above 80 bar (Figure 1) and avoid a two-phase flow regime in the steel pipelines. In the USA, the longest CO₂ pipelines, which transport more than 40 MtCO₂ per year from production point to sites in Texas, where the CO₂ is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), operate in the “dense phase” mode and at ambient temperature and high pressure.

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A Mechanistic Study of Corrosion Inhibitor Partitioning and Performance in Sweet Corrosion Environments

Product Number: 51317--9399-SG

ISBN: 9399 2017 CP

Author: Fang Cao

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Nitrogen-based model CI compounds with different functional groups and sulfur containing synergist molecules were selected for mechanistic study. The oil-water partitioning behavior and corrosion performance of these model compounds were investigated and correlated to their chemical structures in a variety of sweet corrosion environments.

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00052 JET IMPINGEMENT TESTING FOR FLOW ACCELERATED CORROSION

Product Number: 51300-00052-SG

ISBN: 00052 2000 CP

Author: K. D. Efird

Publication Date: 2000

$20.00

The effect of fluid flow on corrosion, or flow accelerated corrosion, is defined by mass transfer and wall shear stress parameters existing in the water phase contacting the solid wall. Jet impingement offers an experimental method to measure the effect of these parameters on corrosion.

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance