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NEW TITLE AVAILABLE NOW!! The main objective for Dr. Ali Morshed's new book, A Practical Guide to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the Upstream Oil & Gas Sector, was to produce a practical MIC guide to facilitate the identification, monitoring, assessment, and control of bacterial activity and MIC that might arise within assets associated with the upstream oil and gas sector.
“Practical” refers to content that can be readily related to various bacterial and MIC scenarios, which are likely to arise for any upstream operator and (a content which) can be easily used to resolve, rectify, or improve such MIC scenarios.
In brief, this book has been written to further help and facilitate bacterial and MIC troubleshooting for the operators and asset owners concerned.
Five relevant and informative case studies are also included.
2023 AMPP, 114 pgs
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MIC is a problem in the oil and gas industry due to seawater injection. Biocides lead to resistance by microbes over time. In this work, D-amino acids were used to enhance the tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) biocide against a tough field biofilm consortium.
The objective of this paper is to provide a review of various models and methods that have been developed and applied by both researchers and industry professionals to better understand and predict MIC.
Materials qualification testing of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) typically involves the use of simple pass/fail tests. Modification of existing standards is recommended for environments in which pit initiation is statistically improbable but pit propagation is rapid, e.g. low chloride/high H2S.
By far, the microbiological species most associated with corrosion has been Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Majority of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) research has focused on the activities of this type of bacteria. One of the primary reasons for this has been the presence of iron sulfides in corrosion products associated with MIC. SRB reduce sulfates to sulfides, which then react with iron and steel. However, an accepted fact is that MIC is also caused by the action of the biofilm produced by bacteria, in a similar way to under-deposit corrosion.
The primary method used to prevent MIC in the oil and gas industry is by use of biocides. The criteria used for selection of biocides is often their proficiency to kill SRB. The danger with this is that one can neglect the ability of other bacteria frequently found in oil and gas environment, such as general aerobes and general anaerobes to cause corrosion by biofilm production. This became evident when severe general & pitting corrosion was observed in two oil and gas separators in one of the facilities in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), where SRB levels were zero but significant numbers of sessile and planktonic general aerobes and general anaerobes were found to be present in the process.
Using microbiological and chemical analysis, the mechanism of this type of MIC, specially the relationship between the quantity of various biofilm-forming bacteria and nature and magnitude of corrosion has been studied and the findings are presented in this paper.
A combination of carbon and stainless steel probes and coupons was used to evaluate microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in humid air and determine whether dry storage systems (DSSs) could be affected by MIC during extended storage.
MIC-causing microorganisms were investigated in a 16” diameter and 9.6 km long injection water pipeline. Nitrate was added to the water and pigging debris from the pipeline showed that both sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), nitrate-utilizing bacteria, and methanogens were present in numbers of 105 – 106 cells/g.
CORROSION is the premier research journal featuring peer-reviewed technical articles from the world’s top researchers and provides a permanent record of progress in the science and technology of corrosion prevention and control. 70+ years and over 7,100 peer-reviewed articles with advances in corrosion science and engineering have been published in CORROSION.
A recent review provided an overview of current microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research. It established that despite extensive study and numerous publications, fundamental questions relating to MIC remain unanswered and stress the lack of information associated with MIC recognition, prediction, and mitigation (Little et al., 2020). On the other hand, bibliometric analysis on the MIC of engineering systems conducted a knowledge gap analysis to focus research efforts and to develop a roadmap for MIC research (Hashemi et al., 2018).
Offshore oil production facilities are subject to internal corrosion, potentially leading to human and environmental risk and significant economic losses. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and reservoir souring are important factors for corrosion-related maintenance costs in the petroleum industry.1 MIC is caused by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP), which can be Bacteria (SRB) or Archaea (SRA), with the main focus in literature being on SRB.2–5 The microorganisms most frequently reported in literature to be responsible for MIC are the SRB; Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfomonas, Desulfotomaculum, Desulfobacterium, Desulfobotulus, and Desulfotignum, and methanogens.2,5
Risk management and a systematic approach of risk based inspection (RBI) based on API 580. The process, benefits, possible pitfalls and opportunity for improvements are clearly detailed based on practical application of RBI and corrosion management of oil and gas facilities.