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The Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) at Consorzio RFX (Padua, Italy) hosts two experiments: MITICA, the 1 MeV full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI), and SPIDER, the low energy 100 keV ITER HNB full-size Ion Source [1]. The exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA is necessary to make the future operation of the ITER NBI efficient and reliable; a fundamental aspect to achieving thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER.
5XXX-series aluminum has been used in multiple naval vessels because it offers excellent strength to weight ratios, weldability and low cost. Although 5XXX series aluminum alloys generally provide excellent corrosion resistance, exposure to moderately elevated temperatures (e.g., solar exposure) results in sensitization due to precipitation of the beta phase (Mg2Al3) at the grain boundaries. The sensitization of marine grade aluminum and subsequent material degradation due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and intergranular corrosion (IGC) is a severe problem, causing expensive repairs and out of service time.
Differences between temperate and tropical sites in terms of electrochemical behavior (e.g. open-circuit potential and cathodic current for oxygen reduction). One difference is critical temperature for biofilm ennoblement. Results are discussed in terms of risk for crevice corrosion for stainless steels in tropical seas.
This paper will focus on design parameters required for cathodic protection (CP) of stainless steel screens with particular attention on design and operational current density values and suitable protection criteria. The detrimental effects of overprotection will also be discussed.
This paper describes the range of copper alloys in marine service today and the evolution of applications which include ships' cannon and hull sheathing in 18th and 19th century and condenser and seawater piping requirements which spurred concentrated investigations in the 20th century.