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This standard defines the requirements for fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) powder coatings applied by electrostatic spray or other suitable method to deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars that are suitable for fabrication after coating. This standard includes requirements and guidelines for ordering, cleaning, coating, inspecting, handling, transporting, and installing the coated steel reinforcing bars.
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This test method provides descriptions of the measurement techniques and cautionary measures most commonly used on underground and submerged piping other than offshore piping to determine whether one or more selected criterion has been met at a representative test site(s) with consideration for special conditions. These methods are also applicable to many other underground or submerged metallic structures.
This standard provides a general guide for the application of effective cathodic protection (CP) to all types of oil-treating vessels containing a free water phase (the electrolyte). It is intended to be used by facility owners, contractors, inspectors, vessels equipment specialists, CP system designers, manufacturers, and others concerned with corrosion mitigation by using cathodic protection systems. The procedures in this standard may best be applied under the direction of a corrosion engineer and by persons with experience and knowledge of the design, installation, operation, maintenance, and control of corrosion protection in the oil-treating vessels containing the electrolyte.
Coatings and materials are discussed in this document in conjunction with the cathodic protection design, as the coating is a major factor when designing a cathodic protection system.
This standard practice addresses the need for quality application of coatings to the interior surfaces of steel rail tank cars transporting molten sulfur. It covers surface preparation; selection and application of coating materials; inspection of the completed coating system; and testing using adequate, readily available instruments. This standard provides guidelines to the builder, owner, shipper, and all those involved in the production and use of rail tank cars intended for the transport of molten sulfur.
This AMPP standard is specifically targeted for use by tank car owners, operators, and repairers who are seeking guidanceincomplyingwithfederalregulationsregardinginteriorcoating/liningconditiondatacollectionandanalysis.It should be noted that issues similar to those discussed here may arise with other bulk liquid transportation containers, and this document may find applicability in those areas as well.
Offshore structures represent large capital investments. Structures are being placed in offshore areas worldwide and are being designed to withstand forces resulting from hurricanes, arctic storms, tidal currents, earthquakes, and ice floes. Moreover, platform structures are currently being placed in deeper waters and, therefore, have become larger, more complex, and more expensive. Control of corrosion on structures is necessary for the economic development of oil and gas production, to provide safe support for working and living areas, and to avoid potential harm to the environment. Corrosion on offshore structures can be divided into three major areas: the submerged zone, the splash zone, and the atmospheric zone. The submerged zone also includes that portion of the structure below the mudline. For the purposes of this standard, offshore structures are stationary structures (platforms or subsea facilities) that are fixed to the sea floor by gravity, pilings, or mooring cables.
This standard provides two separate test methods for evaluating protective coatings on any metallic substrate, such as steel, copper, aluminum, etc., so that the factors of both chemical resistance and permeability can be considered. The results obtained should give a good indication of what would happen on exposure to similar service conditions.
Protective coatings, as referred to in this standard, may be applied in liquid form (solution, dispersion, etc.); or dry form (powders); using spray, dip, roller, brush, trowel, or other appropriate application techniques.
The purpose of this document is to provide materials and inspection guidelines to the corrosion engineer on the use of carbon and low-alloy steel vessels in anhydrous ammonia service. This also serves as a state-of-the-art report on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of these materials in liquid ammonia storage operations.
Mineral scale may be defined as an adherent deposit of predominantly inorganic compounds. A common process leading to scale formation is the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts from oilfield brines. Some oilfield brines contain sufficient sulfate ions (SO42-) in the presence of barium ions (Ba2+) or strontium ions (Sr2+), or both, that the potential for forming barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale or strontium sulfate (SrSO4) scale, or both, exists due to changes in physical or chemical conditions. Often the formation of scale results in reduced production and increased maintenance costs. In some locations, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been found to incorporate themselves into the scale. This complication may result in significant health, safety, and liability concerns and increased scale disposal costs.
This standard practice encompasses the requirements for expert application of a quality coating system to the interior surfaces of covered steel hopper rail cars that have been prepared to a specified, recognized standard. Qualified inspection of the completed coating system and testing by the use of adequate, readily available instruments are also covered in this standard.
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production —
Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons
TECHNICAL CIRCULAR 2
Ref. No. ISO 15156-2:2020/Cir.2:2022(E)
Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys
Ref. No. ISO 15156-3:2020/Cir.2:2022(E)