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A bare pavement policy for roads and highways initiated in the United States in the 1950’s has lead to a significant use of road de-icing salts during winter maintenance periods which has accelerated deterioration of reinforced concrete bridge structures. The cause is due to the now well recognized chloride induced corrosion of the plain (black) reinforcing steel resulting in spalling of the concrete cover. A Monte Carlo probability analysis was performed for three types of reinforcing steel based on the condition of the reinforced concrete bridge deck and the chloride exposure distribution for the State of Virginia. The diffusion of this chloride loading into concrete decks and its effects on service life of epoxy-coated rebar batch galvanized steel rebar and 316LN stainless steel rebar was then calculated. The behavior of chloride diffusion was considered for initial surface crack densities of 0 3 6 and 12% of the deck area. A low-permeability concrete typical of present practice in Virginia was used. The total present cost (TPC) and life-cycle cost (LCC) figures show that galvanized steel rebar provides the most cost-effective protection for reinforced bridge decks with a 100 year life.
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Coating standards specify the required surface conditions needed prior to coating. A maximum amount of soluble salts of 20 mg/m2 is widely adopted as acceptation criteria, according to standard NORSOK M-5011. However, meeting these requirements for thermal spray aluminium coatings (TSA) in offshore environments is challenging due to the ubiquitous nature of water-soluble salts.
Model building codes and standards have begun adopting new energy efficiency requirements for building envelopes, including more quantifiable assessment of the air permeance characteristics of the materials and assemblies used in the building envelope. This research effort was initiated to understand and quantify the air leakage mechanisms of single wythe concrete masonry construction, which is commonly used in exterior building envelopes.
The goal of this presentation is to help contractors and applicators first identify the problem, understand its cause, and make an informed decision on whether to complete the surface application or to seek a professional opinion in regard to the preferred repair method.
Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) is an ambient atmosphere mass spectrometry technique. Two concrete topical treatments were studied. One is a penetrating silane sealer. The other is a pure migrating inhibitor topical product.
联合表面处理标准 扫砂级喷砂清理 Requirements for "Brush-Off" - one of five levels of cleanliness of steel surfaces achieved by blast cleaning with the use of abrasives. (White Metal, Near-White Metal, Commercial, Industrial, Brush Off)
This paper describes the evaluation of the Organofunctional silanes in mitigating ongoing corrosion due to chlorides or carbonation.
Requirements for "White Metal" - one of five levels of cleanliness of steel surfaces achieved by blast cleaning with the use of abrasives. (White Metal, Near-White Metal, Commercial, Industrial, Brush Off)
Application of zinc and aluminum alloys to steel substrates using thermal spray, referred to as “metalizing” or “thermal spray coatings” (TSCs). Preparation, application, measurement, sealers and topcoats.
ASTM D7234 was first published in 2005, and updated in 2012 with precision statistics. This paper will go into the history of the development of the test method, the procedure and interpretation details that are critical to using and applying this standard along with a discussion of the factors that affect the precision of this method.