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Picture for 51318-10977- Effect of Charging Method on the Evaluation of HE Susceptibility for High-strength Stru
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51318-10977- Effect of Charging Method on the Evaluation of HE Susceptibility for High-strength Stru

Product Number: 51318-10977-SG
Author: Alan Humphreys / Ron Mayville / Silas Wolff-Goodrich
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

We evaluated hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of three high-strength alloys including a martensitic stainless steel, a high-strength carbon steel, and a duplex stainless steel. HE testing was according to the Incremental Step Loading Technique of ASTM F1624.
Picture for 51318-11070- Corrosion and SSC Resistant Cladding Material for H2S/CO2 Oil and Gas Containing Environment
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51318-11070- Corrosion and SSC Resistant Cladding Material for H2S/CO2 Oil and Gas Containing Environment

Product Number: 51318-11070-SG
Author: E. Fallahmohammadi / R. Sica / P. Anelli / F. Casiraghi
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

The paper summarizes the theoretical and test programs to validate the aluminum cladding solution – developed to overcome sulfide stress corrosion problems in high strength steel armors in H2S/CO2 containing environment.
Picture for Corrosion Resistance of High Strength UNS S31010 High Nitrogen Stainless Steel
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51318-11161-Corrosion Resistance of High Strength UNS S31010 High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51318-11161-SG
Author: Luca Foroni / Louis Lherbier / Carlo Malara
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

High strength UNS S31010 with 140 ksi MYS has been produced by warm work hardening and cold work hardening. The characterization of high strength alloy with respect to corrosion resistance is discussed in this paper.
Picture for Effect of CP on the Occurrence of SCC in X80 and X100 Pipe Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment
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Effect of CP on the Occurrence of SCC in X80 and X100 Pipe Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment

Product Number: 51317--9147-SG
ISBN: 9147 2017 CP
Author: Li Yan
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

In this work, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 and X100 pipe steels under various cathodic protection (CP) levels in near-neutral pH environment was investigated. The results showed that X100 tended to form longer SCC cracks compared to X80 steel.
Picture for Field Data Collection for Cathodic Protection and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Super Duplex Stainless Steel for Deep Sea Application - Use of Low Voltage Anode
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Field Data Collection for Cathodic Protection and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Super Duplex Stainless Steel for Deep Sea Application - Use of Low Voltage Anode

Product Number: 51324-20693-SG
Author: Nicolas Larché; Jean Vittonato; Anne-Marie Grolleau; Erwan Diler; Dominique Festy
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
High-strength steels (HSS) might undergo hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in seawater under cathodic protection (CP) with traditional Aluminum-Indium (Al-In) or zinc (Zn) galvanic anodes. The actual failure risk will also depend on metallurgy, mechanical properties and local loads. Even though super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) generally do not require CP, they can unintentionally become polarized due to electrical continuity with protected carbon steel structures. CP current demand and hydrogen evolution depend on various factors, like dissolved oxygen, temperature, flow, microbial activity, calcareous deposits, and depth. Hence, the risk of HE varies with exposure site and must be assessed. Aluminum-gallium (Al-Ga) is a low-voltage anodic material aimed at reducing protective potential to mitigate HE in high-strength steels in seawater. However, long-term field data is limited. This study aimed to gather long-term CP data for SDSS at different depths and seawater types, and to assess HE risk using Al-Ga vs. conventional anode materials. Instrumented anchored lines, including CP sensors, stressed samples, and environmental sensors were deployed for over a year in shallow, intermediary, and deep seawaters. Results showed varying cathodic current demands, with deep seawater having the highest. Biofilm formation on SDSS caused depolarization at all sites, with differences noted between sites. Al-Ga significantly reduced hydrogen-induced cracks in SDSS.
Picture for Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Steel Armour Wires for Flexible Pipes
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Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Steel Armour Wires for Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51320-14489-SG
Author: Ellen Synnøve Skilbred, Signe Aarthun Lootz, Roy Johnsen
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

Flexible pipes are frequently used both as flowlines and risers in the oil and gas industry. A flexible pipe has a complex structure consisting of layers of polymer and metallic materials. The armor wire layers – shielded with polymer materials from seawater on the outside and well fluid on the inside – are the load and pressure bearing parts. Due to diffusion from the well fluid and/or damage of the outer polymer layer, the annulus can be water-filled, and armor wire can corrode. In this work, the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) with the presence of atomic hydrogen due to cathodic polarization has been investigated for six different tensile armor wire materials. Samples were exposed to Slow Strain Rate testing (SSRT) in 3.5% NaCl solution and cathodic polarization to -1.1 and -1.4 VAg/AgCl at room temperature. Reference samples without hydrogen charging were tested in air for comparison. Stress-strain curves, reduction in area (RA) and the microstructure of the fracture surfaces were investigated. The HE susceptibility tended to increase with the carbon content, strength and hardness and the materials tended to be more brittle when charged to -1.4 VAg/AgCl than -1.1VAg/AgCl. 
Picture for Study of High Strength Low Alloy Steel OCTG with High Carbon Contents for Mildly Sour Service
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Study of High Strength Low Alloy Steel OCTG with High Carbon Contents for Mildly Sour Service

Product Number: 51317--9051-SG
ISBN: 9051 2017 CP
Author: Yuji Arai
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

For development of further high-strength low-alloy steel OCTG for sour service, effects of carbon content on the strength, microstructure, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of low-alloy steel were fundamentally investigated.
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