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Investigation of Sulfide Stress Crack Propagation Using Sour Pipe Burst in Tubulars with Simulated Defects under Pressure

Product Number: 51324-20420-SG

Author: Brian Chambers; Bostjan Bezensek; Sebastian Cravero; Pedro Olivo; Octavio Albores

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Seamless oil country tubular goods (OCTG) with defined chemistry and toughness, e.g. API 5CT C110, are utilized as production casing in sour wells globally. These grades must withstand high pressures and mild sour conditions to maintain the integrity of the well and, as such, should resist both sulfide stress crack (SSC) initiation and potential propagation from defects in service. A laboratory study was conducted to assess the tendency of crack propagation from two defined types of defects, electro-discharge machined (EDM) notches and fatigue cracks, simulating potential as-delivered OCTG tubulars. The tubulars were subjected to a variety of test conditions including two temperatures, 4ºC and 24ºC, internal pressures ranging from 550 to 1,100 bar, and exposure to a modified NACE TM0177 Solution B equilibrated with 7% H2S/N2 gas purge. The applied pressure and depth of defects were used to determined applied stress intensity values, K, for each condition to compare tests with one another and to traditional small-scale evaluations per NACE TM0177 Method D, single edge notched tensile (SENT), and constant K compact tension (CT). The findings indicated that tendency towards SSC propagation was principally dependent on type of defect, temperature, and applied K. Threshold K values for SSC propagation from EDM-type defects were higher than determined from any of the small-scale evaluation methods. Fatigue pre-cracks were demonstrated to be more aggressive in promoting SSC propagation compared to EDM-type defects.

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06485 GREEN INHIBITORS: MECHANISMS IN THE CONTROL OF BARIUM SULFATE SCALE

Product Number: 51300-06485-SG

ISBN: 06485 2006 CP

Author: C. E. Inches, K. S. Sorbie, K. El Doueiri

$20.00

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97345 EFFECT OF CHLORIDES ON SOLUTION CORROSIVITY OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE (MDEA) SOLUTIONS

Product Number: 51300-97345-SG

ISBN: 97345 1997 CP

Author: K.D. Willbanks, P.C. Rooney, T.R. Bacon, M.S. DuPart

$20.00

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Effect of Ni on Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Grooving in Carbon Steel - Part 1: Constant-load (Dead-weight) Test

Product Number: 51324-20715-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro; Taro Muraki; Nobuyuki Ishikawa; Daichi Izumi; Takuya Hara

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) occurs in steel exposed to sour environments. Ni promotes the formation of a crack-like corrosion morphology (so-called stress groove or fissure), which accelerates the SSC; however, the mechanisms underlying fissure formation and growth are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of Ni on SSC and fissures were investigated. Constant-load tests were conducted at various potentials using TS 800 MPa grade steel with and without 1 % Ni addition. The fissures were formed near the corrosion potential on adding Ni. Anodic or cathodic polarization promoted SSC, suggesting that SSC was affected by both active path corrosion (APC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms. In addition, the fissure shapes and crystal orientations of the microstructure were analyzed to classify the fissures as dissolution (corrosion) or mechanical cracking. Further, characteristic grooves promoted by Ni were confirmed to be APC.

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Digital Twin as a Tool for Extending In-Line Inspection Intervals

Product Number: 51324-20824-SG

Author: Keith Parker; Yanping Li; Christophe Baete; Victoria Chum; Trey Johnston

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Aging pipeline assets are a concern for many pipeline operators. As pipelines age, external corrosion control becomes more challenging and often results in more aggressive monitoring and maintenance activities such as more frequent in-line inspections (ILI) and direct examinations. A pipeline case study is discussed demonstrating how a digital twin based on mechanistic modeling was utilized as a proof of concept for identifying possible cathodic protection remedial actions to decrease external corrosion growth rates (CGR) with the goal of extending the ILI inspection interval from 3 to 5 years. Various remediations such as adjusting or adding cathodic protection and resolving interference are modeled and compared with the existing corrosion control configuration. An economic analysis is included to determine if theoretical remediations can reduce monitoring and maintenance costs while maintaining asset integrity.

Foundation Donations - Canada

Product Number: CDFOUND-DONATIONS

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51316-7887-Qualification of Integral Dinned UNS S32205 Heat Exchanger Tubing for Refinery Wet H2S se

Product Number: 51316-7887-SG

ISBN: 7887 2016 CP

Author: Ivan Morales

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

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03560 MIC ISSUES: COMMENTARY FROM THE CORROSION 2002 MIC PANEL DISCUSSION

Product Number: 51300-03560-SG

ISBN: 03560 2003 CP

Author: Zbigniew Lewandowski, Thomas Eugene Cloete, Stephen C. Dexter, Wayne H. Dickinson, Yasushi Kikuchi,

$20.00

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Low Temperature Effect on Sulfide Stress Crack Initiation in Low Alloy Steels

Product Number: 51319-12856-SG

Author: Brian Chambers

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Exposure temperature has a known effect on sulfide stress cracking (SSC) where elevated temperatures permit the use of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) in sour conditions that would not be survivable at lower temperatures. In order to assess SSC susceptibility NACE MR0175 / ISO15156-2 and API 5CT advise or require the use of room temperature NACE exposure tests in H2S-containing brines and consequently the bulk of qualification data on OCTG has been obtained at these conditions. Previous publications have demonstrated the effect of lower temperatures e.g. 40°F testing on KISSC values of low alloy steel using double cantilever beam (DCB) tests showing a reduction on sour toughness when the temperature is lowered from 75°F to 40°F. This KISSC data provides a clear indication of SSC severity at 40°F on crack propagation; however very little data is available pertinent to crack initiation at temperatures lower than 75°F.In this work several crack initiation tests were performed in mild sour conditions and demonstrated that at low temperature crack initiation susceptibility is increased. Details of the results are discussed within the context of traditional SSC qualification tests and materials selection standards along with the theoretical understanding of SSC fundamentals. Cracking tendency and time-to-failure are reviewed within the context of environmental and material parameters that are altered by the exposure temperature including hydrogen diffusion corrosion rate dissolved H2S concentration and the behavior of hydrogen traps.

Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants (e-book)

Product Number: 37647-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-390-3

Author: Roger Francis

Publication Date: 2019

$147.00

Over the past decade, the author, Roger Francis, has looked at some very expensive corrosion failures in desalination plants. Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants tells the reader how to avoid existing corrosion problems and how to avoid them in new builds.

This book looks at corrosion problems specific to MSF, MED, and SWRO desalination plants, describing their causes, some solutions, and the relative performance of various materials. It gives advice on procuring materials for desalination plants to avoid quality problems.

2019 NACE e-book

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96030 DETERMINISTIC MODELING OF CORROSION IN DOWNHOLE ENVIRONMENTS

Product Number: 51300-96030-SG

ISBN: 96030 1996 CP

Author: M. Sundaram, V. Raman, M. S. High, D. A. Tree, J. Wagner Jr.

$20.00

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Highlighting Challenges with Corrosion Inhibitor Qualification Under High H2S, Sour Conditions

Product Number: 51323-19243-SG

Author: Hunter Thomson, Rodney Madjitey, Caroline Simpson, Dario M. Frigo, and Gordon Graham

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion and corrosion inhibitor qualification testing has been the subject of many publications over the years, with various guidelines and in-house protocols produced. This has led to a rather large set of test approaches for the qualification of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for application in oil and gas production facilities.

For challenging conditions, including severe downhole conditions, final testing is often performed via specialized autoclaves or high-pressure flow loops to allow tests to be conducted under conditions as close to those pertaining in the field: T, P, pCO2 and pH2S (or more realistically, fugacity of CO2 and H2S), and as close as can be achieved to the field hydrodynamics.

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Investigation of Sulfide Stress Crack Propagation Using Sour Pipe Burst in Tubulars with Simulated Defects under Pressure

06485 GREEN INHIBITORS: MECHANISMS IN THE CONTROL OF BARIUM SULFATE SCALE

97345 EFFECT OF CHLORIDES ON SOLUTION CORROSIVITY OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE (MDEA) SOLUTIONS

Effect of Ni on Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Grooving in Carbon Steel - Part 1: Constant-load (Dead-weight) Test

Digital Twin as a Tool for Extending In-Line Inspection Intervals

Foundation Donations - Canada

51316-7887-Qualification of Integral Dinned UNS S32205 Heat Exchanger Tubing for Refinery Wet H2S se

03560 MIC ISSUES: COMMENTARY FROM THE CORROSION 2002 MIC PANEL DISCUSSION

Low Temperature Effect on Sulfide Stress Crack Initiation in Low Alloy Steels

Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants (e-book)

96030 DETERMINISTIC MODELING OF CORROSION IN DOWNHOLE ENVIRONMENTS

Highlighting Challenges with Corrosion Inhibitor Qualification Under High H2S, Sour Conditions

Association for Materials Protection and Performance