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The life-cycle of concrete structures used in waste water systems should consider all factors that might cause a structural system to perform unacceptably at any point during its lifetime. This includes the progressive and sustained loss of load capacity caused by operational or environmental factors. In general terms, deterioration can be defined as a loss of structural load capacity with time as a result of the action of external agents causing chemical attacks or material weakening due to these environmental interactions.
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The Federal EPA requires that commercial/residential painting contractors be certified to prepare surfaces containing lead based paint on residential and public structures. As a result, when respirators equipped with HEPA filtration are required to be worn to reduce worker exposure levels to below the permissible exposure limit for lead, the surface preparation work is often subcontracted to a licensed lead abate contractor who holds these types of certifications.
This technical report provides practical information on the use of encapsulated blast media for repairing existing interior and exterior coatings on railroad tank cars (hereafter referred to as tank cars). This report: 1) introduces the technology; 2) describes typical abrasives, equipment, and processes used; and 3) provides a comparison to some other coating repair surface preparation methods typically used in the rail industry.
This standard includes procedures for using pressurized water to remove loosely adhered surface contaminants. It contains requirements for the cleaning process, for the end condition of a lightly cleaned concrete surface, and for verification of the end condition. The standard does not address removal of water-insoluble contamination; assessment of concrete soundness and pH; repair of the substrate and exposed reinforcing steel; or required surface profile.
Laser cleaning has been an effective tool in manufacturing and industrial applications for over 20 years. Cleaning, as well as cutting and welding, has shown vast improvements in repeatability and precision with the use of laser technology [4]. Previous bonding techniques such as mechanical fixturing and welding can be inconsistent and cause issues like increased structural weight, decreased structural integrity, galvanic corrosion, and many more potential failures [5]. Laser cleaning may propose a viable option for adhering materials to reduce weight and increase repeatability. Welding practices continue to develop to reduce both weld thickness and porosity. Porosity in welds is typically caused from failure to prepare the surface adequately [1]. Failures in both welding applications and adhesive bonding applications can be reduced with the use of laser technology.
This standard provides criteria for the education, training, experience, knowledge, and skills required of Industrial Coating and Lining Applicators and Application Specialists to prepare and apply protective coatings. This standard may be used for certification of Industrial Coating and Lining Applicators and Application Specialists for other substrates or conditions, as considered appropriate by facility owners, contractors, or certifying agencies.
Three recent international pipeline projects illustrate that the typical surface profile height and abrasive blast cleaning requirements in today’s coating standards and specifications have not been sufficient to define the adequate level of the abrasive blasting.
Case histories show that non-visible contamination may result in rapid coating failure. Physical and chemical tests to detect same. Remediation measures. Reagents, materials, tools, procedures & results.
Pipelines have primarily been developed for the oil and gas business as well as building domestic water networks. To ensure the quality and longstanding pipelines, inspection and quality during design, construction and operations are of prime importance. During construction, pipe manufacturing and field fabrication represent the major cornerstone of a construction quality program.